1. METABOLIC SYNDROME From PubMed Health A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia, Atlanta, GA 2011

2. Metabolic Syndrome Also known as: – Insulin Resistance Syndrome – Syndrome X A name for a group of risk factors that occur together and increase the risk for CAD, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

3. Causes, Incidence, Risk Factors Researchers are not sure whether the syndrome is due to one single cause All of the risk for the syndrome are related to obesity

4. Causes, Incidence, Risk Factors 2 most important risk factors are: – 1. Extra weight around the middle and upper parts of the body (central obesity) The body may described as “apple-shaped” – 2. Insulin resistance. The body uses insulin less effectively than normal. As a result, the blood sugar and fat levels rise.

5. Causes, Incidence, Risk Factors Other risk factors: – Aging – Genes – Hormone changes – Lack of exercise

6. Causes, Incidence, Risk Factors 2 other problems that can either cause the condition or make it worse: – Excess blood clotting – Increased levels of blood substances that are a sign of inflammation throughout the body

7. Clinical Manifestations BP =/> 130/85 mm/Hg FBS =/> 100 mg./dL Large waist circumference: – Men: 40+ inches – Women: 35+ inches Low HDL cholesterol: – Men: < 40 mg/dL – Women: <50 mg/dL Triglycerides =/> 150 mg/dL

8. Treatment GOAL: reduce YOUR risk of heart disease and diabetes – Lifestyle changes Lose weight (7-10% of your current weight. Eat 500 – 1000 fewer calories per day) 30 min moderate intensity exercise 5- 7days/week Stop smoking – Medication – for cholesterol, BP control Some people benefit from low-dose daily ASA

9. Prognosis People with metabolic syndrome have an increased long-term risk for: – Developing heart disease – Type 2 diabetes – Stroke – Kidney disease – Poor blood supply to the legs