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Birth of the "New South" Chapter 5 section 3.

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Presentation on theme: "Birth of the "New South" Chapter 5 section 3."— Presentation transcript:

1 Birth of the "New South" Chapter 5 section 3

2 Birth of the "New South" KEY TERMS: Sharecropping (sig.)
Chapter 5 section 3 KEY TERMS: Sharecropping (sig.) Tenant farming Infrastructure

3 Birth of the "New South" ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
How did farming in the South change after the Civil War? How did the growth of cities and industry begin to change the South’s economy after the war? How was the money designated for Reconstruction projects used? THE BIG IDEA The end of slavery brought about new patterns of agriculture in the South, while expansion of cities and industry led to limited economic growth.

4 THE ORIGINS OF THE NEW SOUTH
Reconfiguration of southern agriculture: sharecropping and tenant farming Both sharecropping and tenant farming held the promise of freedmen gaining some economic independence, which they did but at a heavy cost: they lost their freedom because they remained tied to white-owned land in a cycle of debt Sharecropping family in the post war era The practice of sharecropping developed in the years after the Civil War and persisted until the mid-twentieth century.

5 Sharecropping and the Cycle of Debt
Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, & no money to buy land.

6 Sharecropping and the Cycle of Debt
Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, & no money to buy land. Sharecropper cannot leave the farm as long as he is in debt to the landlord. Poor whites & freedmen sign contracts to work in exchange for part of the crop At harvest time, the sharecropper owes more to the landlord than his share of the crop is worth Landlords keeps track of the money that sharecroppers owe him for housing & food

7 Tenant farming, which replaced the slave-based agricultural system in the south, enabled farm laborers to rent ground from landowners for a percentage of crops (called crop rent) or cash payments (called cash rent). Terms of contracts varied, dependent on whether the laborer owned any equipment or purchased his own seed and supplies. Crop rent contracts generally required that one-fourth to one-third of the crop be paid to the landlord. Sharecroppers, at the lowest rung of tenant farming, lacked equipment and capital, which had to be provided by landlords. Thus, they received a smaller percentage of crops, typically 50 percent. /

8 As a team, discuss the following questions and be ready to share your answers with the class.
In what ways did the end of slavery change agriculture in the South? a. b. c. How did sharecropping and tenant farming differ? Sharecroppers – Tenant farmers – How did farmers get caught in a cycle of debt?

9 As a team, discuss the following questions and be ready to share your answers with the class.
In what ways did the end of slavery change agriculture in the South? a. Sharecropping and tenant farming by emancipated African Americans and poor whites allowed destitute planters to get their land worked. b. Cash crops became the focus. c. Some former slaves found higher paying non-agricultural jobs. / How did sharecropping and tenant farming differ? Sharecroppers – farmed a portion of a planter’s land in exchange for a share of the crop at harvest, and, oftentimes, housing Tenant farmers – rented land from a planter, chose which crops to plant, and decided how much to work / How did farmers get caught in a cycle of debt? Sharecroppers always had debts that exceeded what they earned in a given season. Therefore, sharecroppers remained in debt even after the harvest each year. As a result of this debt, sharecroppers were trapped on the plantation (sig.) /

10 As a team, discuss the following question and be ready to share your answer with the class.
Why did planters have trouble finding people to work for them? a. b.

11 As a team, discuss the following question and be ready to share your answer with the class.
Why did planters have trouble finding people to work for them? a. The work too closely resembled slavery b. Workers often left to look for better jobs and more money /

12 Industrialization in the North produced
Cities and Industry Industrialization in the North produced Could this happen in the South? Atlanta

13 Industrialization in the North produced
Cities and Industry Industrialization in the North produced A new class of wage earners Ignited city growth Generated wealth Could this happen in the South? Reconstruction did not transform the South into an industrialized, urban region. most southern factories did not make finished goods. They handled only the early, less profitable stages of manufacturing. Most of the South’s postwar industrial growth came from cotton mills. Atlanta A major focus of Reconstruction, one of its successes, was rebuilding and extending southern railroads.

14 Infrastructure was being lost to corruption /
Funding Reconstruction Infrastructure Infrastructure was being lost to corruption /

15 Funding Reconstruction
Infrastructure Reconstruction funds Private investors Levying heavy taxes Created a public school system Infrastructure was being lost to corruption /

16 Video: Reconstruction: Economic Progress (2:56)

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18 Birth of the “New South” Evidence For Statement Evidence Against
Farming in the South after the Civil War changed very little. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

19 Birth of the “New South” Evidence For Statement Evidence Against
1. 13th Amendment shook the econ. foundations - South 1. Many planters managed to hang on to their land Farming in the South after the Civil War changed very little. 2. Planters couldn’t find workers willing to work for them 2. Regained land after paying debt 3. Sharecropping 4. Tenant farming 5. Changes in labor force white & black laborers 6. Emphasis on cash crops cotton, tobacco, sugar cane 7. Cycle of debt rural poverty deeply rooted in the South 8. Rise of merchants stores sprang up to sell supplies on credit

20 Birth of the “New South” Evidence For Statement Evidence Against
Reconstruction transformed the South into an industrialized, urban region 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 1. During Southern Reconstruction, the growth of business would bring better times for everyone. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4.

21 Birth of the “New South” Evidence For Statement Evidence Against
1. Most southern factories handled only the early, less profitable stages of production lumber, pig iron, undyed fabric 1. Southern leaders urged the South to build an industrialized economy Reconstruction Transformed the South into an industrialized, urban region 2. Rebuilding & extension of southern RRs. turned towns into cities 2. Big profits went to northern companies that sold finished products. 1. Reconstruction funds were raised by heavy taxes on individuals, still in debt from war 1. South was one giant business opportunity because the infrastructure had to be rebuilt During Southern Reconstruction, the growth of business would bring better times for everyone. 2. Spending by Reconstruction legislatures added 130 million to Southern debt 2. Expand services to Citizens. Public Schools 3. Much of the big spending for Infrastructure was lost to corruption 3. Congress & private investors poured money into infrastructure 4. Blacks, whites, Rep.& Dem., Southerners & Northerners all Participated in corrupt deals

22 As a team, discuss the following questions and be ready to share your answers with the class.
In what ways did the end of slavery change agriculture in the South? a. b. c. How did sharecropping and tenant farming differ? Sharecroppers – Tenant farmers – How did farmers get caught in a cycle of debt?

23 As a team, discuss the following questions and be ready to share your answers with the class.
In what ways did the end of slavery change agriculture in the South? a. Sharecropping and tenant farming by emancipated African Americans and poor whites allowed destitute planters to get their land worked. b. Cash crops became the focus. c. Some former slaves found higher paying non-agricultural jobs. / How did sharecropping and tenant farming differ? Sharecroppers – farmed a portion of a planter’s land in exchange for a share of the crop at harvest, and, oftentimes, housing Tenant farmers – rented land from a planter, chose which crops to plant, and decided how much to work / How did farmers get caught in a cycle of debt? Sharecroppers always had debts that exceeded what they earned in a given season. Therefore, sharecroppers remained in debt even after the harvest each year. As a result of this debt, sharecroppers were trapped on the plantation (sig.) /

24 As a team, discuss the following questions and be ready to share your answer with the class.
Why did planters have trouble finding people to work for them? a. b. In what ways did the economy of the South after the Civil War and in what ways did it remain unchanged?

25 Why did planters have trouble finding people to work for them?
As a team, discuss the following question and be ready to share your answer with the class. Why did planters have trouble finding people to work for them? a. The work too closely resembled slavery b. Workers often left to look for better jobs and more money / In what ways did the economy of the South after the Civil War and in what ways did it remain unchanged? a.

26 Video: Reconstruction: Economic Progress (2:56)

27


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