1. HUMAN SYSTEMS

2. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY  Economic Sectors  Primary – involve using the ground  Secondary – manufacturing & construction  Tertiary – provide services rather than goods

3. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS  Traditional  Herding, hunting & gathering  Market  Individuals & markets make decisions on production and set prices

4. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS  Command  Governments make decisions about products and prices  Mixed  Gov’t ownership in some sectors with private ownership  Heavy regulation

5. DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES  The world has unequal distribution of resources, capital, and infrastructure  Leads to unequal development

6. LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT  MDCs (Core)  $, high-tech, high standards of living  Emerging  Some $, education systems  LDCs (Periphery)  Low wages

7.  Settlement types  Settlement patterns  Land uses  Urban structure URBAN & RURAL GEOGRAPHY

8. SETTLEMENT TYPES  Trade  River crossings & crossroads  Natural harbors  Heads of deltas  Defense  Hilltops  Mouths of passes  Look at the map on p. 121

9.  Dispersed – no threats, individuals  Homesteads  plantations  Clustered – protection from attack, building communities  Linear  nucleated RURAL SETTLEMENT PATTERNS

10.  Von Thunen’s Model  Activity is based on distance from town  Valuable crops are closest to the market  Transportation costs & spoilage are main factors AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

11. TYPES OF AGRICULTURE  Subsistence agriculture  Shifting cultivation  pastoralism  Commercial agriculture  MDCs  Mechanized  Economy of scale  LDCs  Cash crops plantations

12. URBAN STRUCTURE  Urban area develop in predictable ways  Each world region developed its own style  Services, industry, income levels tend to cluster  Growth leads to new models

13.  Types of Boundaries  Natural  Cultural  Geometric POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

14.  Reasons for Conflict  Nationalism  Ethnic conflicts  Control of territory  Economic issues  Tariffs  quotas  Competition for resources  Spratly Islands

15.  Reasons for Cooperation  Political & Military  NATO  OAS  UN  Economic  EU  NAFTA  WTO