1. Hill grassland ecosystem

2. Sai kung outdoor recreational centre

3. The aims of this study To understand the structure and functioning on the hill grassland ecosystem To learn and practise basic ecological techniques To manipulate simple field equipment so as to measure enviromental factors To practise statistical analysis and presentation of data

4. Why do we need to study grassland?

5. 58.4%

6. Serial stage during succession Develop to woodland naturally

7. Man influence

8. What are these influences? How do the organisms adapt to these?

9. Artificial-----grassland Natural-----shrubland or woodland

10. Limitations Seasonal variation Short study time Underground organisms Incomplete food web and pyramid Mowing Random data Autumn sunny afternoon Apparatus Inexperienced students

11. Improvements Choose natural sites Data collection Training Time of study

12. Special thanks to you all