1. Random Fact of the Day Drunk drivers in San Salvador, the capital of El Salvador, can be punished by death before a firing squad.

2. Focus Question – You’ll answer this at the end of class… Explain three ways that Joseph Stalin controlled the people of the Soviet Union in order to strengthen himself and the country. Write anything you need to help you write a paragraph about this at the end.

3. From Lenin to Stalin

4. Stalin and Totalitarian Society Police State Secret police monitored telephone lines, read mail, and planted informers everywhere Children told authorities about disloyal remarks that their parents would make Great Purge: Stalin eliminated any potential opponents inside of the Communist party, even those who helped in the revolution led by Lenin 8 million to 13 million Russians were killed "Who's going to remember all this riff-raff in ten or twenty years time? No one. Who remembers the names now of the boyars Ivan the Terrible got rid of? No one."boyarsIvan the Terrible

5. Vsevolod Meyerhold Theater director in the Soviet Union Arrested in 1939 for apparently spying for Japanese and British intelligence "The investigators began to use force on me, a sick 65-year-old man. I was made to lie face down and beaten on the soles of my feet and my spine with a rubber strap... For the next few days, when those parts of my legs were covered with extensive internal hemorrhaging, they again beat the red-blue-and-yellow bruises with the strap and the pain was so intense that it felt as if boiling water was being poured on these sensitive areas. I howled and wept from the pain. I incriminated myself in the hope that by telling them lies I could end the ordeal. When I lay down on the cot and fell asleep, after 18 hours of interrogation, in order to go back in an hour's time for more, I was woken up by my own groaning and because I was jerking about like a patient in the last stages of typhoid fever."

10. Stalin and Totalitarian Society Russian Propaganda and Censorship Government controlled all newspapers, movies, and radio No space for individual creativity if it didn’t glorify the USSR Page 446-447 Stalin Video

11. Worse than Hitler? Around 11 million people were estimated to be killed in the Holocaust by the Nazis, 6 million of those being Jews Five Year Plans and collectivization An accepted figure of how many Soviets he had killed? 20 million.

16. Education and Indoctrination Schoolchildren learned the virtues of the Communist party Students and professors who questioned the party could lose jobs or be thrown in jail State-supported youth groups formed the future of the party Religious Persecution League of the Militant Godless spread propaganda attacking religion…”museums of atheism” were established Police destroyed churches and synagogues Persecution of Christians Religious leaders were killed or sent to labor camps Stalin and Totalitarian Society

17. April 22 nd, 2013 Videos! Butcher Paper and Gallery Walk – Notes Nazi and Italy Discussion – Tomorrow RANDOM FACT OF THE DAY A full-grown bear can run as fast as a horse.

18. RANDOM FACT OF THE DAY South African earthworms can grow to be 22 feet long!

19. The Rise of Fascism

20. The Nuts and Bolts of Fascism Fascism: a political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism and militarism Basic Principles of Fascism Totalitarian in nature State more important than the individual Charismatic leader Action-oriented

21. Features of Fascism Political Features Nationalist Racist Supreme leader and one-party rule Cultural Features Censorship Indoctrination Secret Police Economic Features Economic functions controlled by the government

22. Reading Assignments Read assigned section and record the title AND three significant facts or points on your piece of butcher paper. Economic Crisis in Germany Page 471 – Second Paragraph Rise of the Nazis, Part One Page 478 – First two paragraphs Mein Kampf Page 478 – Paragraphs three and four Hitler Becomes Chancellor Page 478 – Last paragraph; Page 479 – First two paragraphs The Fuhrer is Supreme Page 479 – Fourth paragraph War on the Jews Page 479-480 – Last paragraph Mussolini Takes Control Page 476 – Last Paragraph; Page 477 – First two paragraphs Il Duce’s Leadership Page 477 – Third Paragraph

23. Germany Post World War I

24. Discussion Bingo Fill in the middle space with a free space…fill in the spaces with some of these words… Il DuceKristallnachtFuhrer lebensraum HitlerMussoliniGoebbelsinflation Bread pricesReichstagHindenburgBeer Hall PropagandaHitler’s YouthNuremburg Lawsbooks WheelbarrowVienna Art Schoolpoison gasswastika GestapofascistsNazisRussia Germany Treaty of Versailles StalinSchlieffen Fill in the spaces with some of these words, and when you hear ME SAY THE WORD, x it out…winner gets extra credit.

25. Meanwhile, in Germany… ECONOMIC CRISIS IN GERMANY The value of the German mark had decreased after WWI. Translation, the value of one piece of German currency was not as great as it used to be. In essence, one mark could not buy you as much as it used to. Remember that Germany was trying to rebuild their own country AND pay reparations to Great Britain, France, etc. Its economy could not handle it.

30. Fascism Rises in Europe Here Comes Hitler

31. Hitler Rises to Power in Germany Adolf Hitler was a WWI soldier who twice won the Iron Cross, medal for bravery. In 1919 he joined a political group that would later be named the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, or Nazis. The party adopted the swastika, or hooked cross as its symbol. Nazis also set up a private police called the “storm troopers” or Brown shirts.

35. The Rise of Adolf Hitler RISE OF THE NAZIS, PART ONE Hitler was a great organizer and public speaker. The Nazi party chose him as their der Fuhrer, or leader. After a failed coup attempt in 1923, Hitler served 9 months in jail. While in jail he wrote Mein Kampf, My Struggle.

36. Mein Kampf – “My Struggle” Hitler’s book set forth his beliefs and goals for Germany. 1.Aryans, or Germans, were a “master race” 2.Non-Aryan races such as Jews, Slavs, and Gypsies were “inferior” 3.Vowed to regain German lands given away in the Treaty of Versailles 4.Germany was “overcrowded” and needed more lebensraum, living space. 5.Promised to get space by conquering Eastern Europe and Russia.

37. Which of Hitler’s ideas do you think would have been the most popular in Germany at the time? 1.Aryans, or Germans, were a “master race” 2.Non-Aryan races such as Jews, Slavs, and Gypsies were “inferior” 3.Vowed to regain German lands given away in the Treaty of Versailles 4.Germany was “overcrowded” and needed more lebensraum, living space. 5.Promises to get space by conquering Eastern Europe and Russia.

38. Hitler Becomes Chancellor By 1932 the Nazi’s became the largest political party. The German people turned to Hitler once Germany’s economy collapsed in the Great Depression. 1933 Hitler was appointed Chancellor because the conservatives believed they could control Hitler. Once in office, Hitler called for elections to win a majority of the seats in parliament. Why? 6 days before the election the Reichstag building was destroyed by fire. Hitler blamed the Communists and his party gained more support. Hitler won his majority by a slim margin.

39. Germany Becomes a Totalitarian State Hitler’s Control Methods 1.Banned all other political parties 2.Arrested opponents 3.Created the SS ( Schutzstaffel ), a protection squad to arrest enemies 4.Gestapo, or secret police carried out campaign of terror Economic Control 1.Banned strikes 2.Dissolved labor unions 3.Gave government control over business & labor 4.Put millions of Germans to work on infrastructure and weapons (against the Treaty of Versailles)

40. The Fuhrer’s Propaganda THE FUHRER IS SUPREME Hitler wanted to control every aspect of German life. Burned and banned books that did not conform to Nazi ideology Churches forbidden to criticize the government Schoolchildren forced to join the Hitler Youth (boys) or League of German Girls. Twisted the philosophy of Nietzsche to support brute force

41. Heil Hitler, the Salute

42. Nazi Propaganda

43. Deep Thought Question April 24 th, 2013 Why do you think Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) does not receive the attention and notoriety of a mass murderer like Adolf Hitler (Germany)?

44. Anti-Semitism WAR ON THE JEWS Key role in Nazi ideology Jews made up less than 1% of the German population Nazi’s blamed Jews for all of Germany’s problems since WWI 1933 Nazi laws deprived Jews of most of their rights November 9, 1938 Kristallnacht, Night of Broken Glass – Nazi mobs attack 1000’s of Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues. Start of the process to eliminate the Jews from German existence

45. Primary Source Questions YOU DO NOT HAVE TO WRITE THE QUESTIONS. Kristallnacht Who is the author? What is his or her place in society? What is going on in history when this document is written? Write a paragraph (3 to 5 sentences) summary of the document using detail from the text. If you were Jewish and were in Germany after this event, what would your response be? List three possible responses. Mein Kampf What is Hitler doing when he wrote the document? Brainstorm a title for this section of the text. According to Hitler, what is the goal of the Jews? What has to happen first to establish a “new order of things?” For Hitler, what do you think that action would look like?

46. Characteristics of Fascism Fascism is a political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism and militarism. Includes… Denial of individual rights One-party rule Nazism was the fascist movement that developed in Germany. Includes… Belief in racial superiority of the German people

47. Fascism’s Rise in Italy Social unrest was fueled in Italy over … disappointment of failure to win large territorial gains in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. Rising inflation Rising unemployment The people wanted a leader who would take action. Benito Mussolini founded the fascist party in 1919. He publically criticized the government and vowed to give Italy strong leadership.

48. Arrested in Switzerland – 1903

50. Il Duce, The Leader October 1922, 30,000 fascist supporters (called black shirts) marched on Rome demanding King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge of the government. The king agreed, but violence continued. Mussolini took full power and instituted the following… Abolished democracy Outlawed all political parties, except the Fascists Secret police jailed his opponents Forced radio stations and paper publications to publish fascist doctrine Allied with industry to control the economy

55. April 20 th, 2012 Hitler’s Rise to Power Video Make sure that you have turned in all WRITING DOCUMENTS from your project. We will likely have a quiz next Tuesday or Wednesday over the last couple of weeks – a.k.a. the Road to World War II. Random Fact of the Day Hitler’s Birthday! Adolf Hitler would have turned 123 today.

56. April 27 th, 2011 Bellringer QuestionsWrite Q/A 1.Which of the following events did NOT happen to Adolf Hitler before he became Chancellor? A.Failed to meet his dream as a professional painter B.Finished his high school education and attended college C.Arrested for attempting to overthrow government D.Wrote Mein Kampf, or “My Struggle” 2.List three ways that Hitler controlled the German population. TURN IN PROJECT MATERIALS!

57. April 18 th, 2012 Presentations Propaganda Posters Videos What is Fascism? Notes The Rise of Hitler and Mussolini Pairs Research and Main Points on Butcher Paper Gallery Walk Notes