1. A Simpler Parsing Algorithm for Relative Clauses in Vietnamese Tanmoy Bhattacharya Nguyen Chi Duy Khuong tanmoy1@gmail.com khuongvn2000@yahoo.comtanmoy1@gmail.com khuongvn2000@yahoo.com Department of Linguistics University of Delhi

2. The Problem Implementable formalisms (e.g. HPSG) have two problems with adjuncts: identifying the adjunct (Recognition) determining the place the adjunct belongs (Addressing Technique) The paper highlights these problems and suggests a solution to get around it using RC theories of Principles & Parameters framework

3. Classic HPSG: The duality of representation Problem in general: whether the adjunct is a functor or an argument Proliferation features to produce a syntactic parse Head-Complement idea is conducive to HPSG as it is easier to see complements as semantic arguments of their heads. Broader range of categories modified Number of adjuncts is not pre-fixed Pollard and Sag (1987): adjunct-main clause dependency determined by rules of grammar

4. Problem with the Classic HPSG The solution rests on hierarchy of types/ subtypes (head-structure and head-adjunct- structure respectively) Phrase qo CLAUSALITYHEADEDNESS qo Clausenon-clause hd-ph non-hd-ph  tu.. … rel-clhd-adj-ph

5. HPSG schemata for solution that I like PHONsolution that I like HEAD1 SYN | LOC SUBCAT2 LEX_ PHONsolution MAJ N HEAD-DTR HEAD 1NFORMNORM ADJUNCTS DTRS SYN|LOC SUBCAT 2  DET  LEX _ PHONthat I like ADJ-DTRSYN 3RELCLAUSE

6. Revised HPSG S [MOD N] qo NP VP [MOD N] wi NP V [MOD N] John-Ichayk-ulneh-un -nom book-accput-rel ‘The book that John put’ Sag (1995)

7. Highest V in RC need not show RC morphology Watashi ga inu ga taberu ring-o miru INOM dog NOM eats apple-ACC see ‘I see the apple which the dog eats.’ IP 3 watashi ga I’ 3 VP I 3 NP V 3miru CPNP 6 inuga taberuringo Similarly with Vietnamese

8. Sag (1995) Solution BIND0 word  ARG-ST  [SLASH 1 ], …, [SLASH n ]  SLASH( 1 ⊎ … ⊎ 2 ) __ 0 who (relative) CATNP CONT[INDEX 3] REL{ 3 } QUE{ }

9. Semantics of the Gap I eat the apples which the men bought. BUY AGENT THEME Literal (MAN, PLURAL, DEFINITE) relativewh tensePAST negativeFALSE questionFALSE voiceACTIVE

10. Linking the two clauses AGENT PATIENT conversant (SING, +SPEAKER, -LISTENER, HUMAN_MASC) relative (APPLE, PL, DEF, subclause0) tensePRESENT negativeFALSE questionFALSE voiceACTIVE