2. UNIFICATION OF GERMANY BLOOD AND IRON

3. FACTORS PROMOTING UNITY 1.Common Nationality 2.Napoleon & Congress of Vienna 3. Zollverein

4. COMMON NATIONALITY LATE 18TH CENTURY (DISTINCT PEOPLE) WANTED BY GERMAN EDUCATORS, WRITERS, HISTORIANS, & PHILOSOPHERS

5. JOHANN FICHTE (1762-1814) PHILOSOPHER AROUSED BY NAPOLEON CLAIMED EXISTENCE OF A “GERMAN SPIRIT” GERMANY MORE NOBLE & MUST LEAD CIVILIZED WORLD

6. GEORG HEGEL (1762-1831) PREDICTED UNIFICATION OF GERMANY STATE NOT BOUND TO RESPECT ANY INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

7. JAKOB & WILHELM GRIMM LINGUISTS TRAVELING GERMANY RESEARCHING DIALECTS & FOLK TALES PROCLAIMED GERMAN LANGUAGE WAS PRE- EMINENT OVER OTHER LANGUAGES

8. NAPOLEON’S INFLUENCE UNIFIED GERMAN PEOPLES AGAINST HIM WEAKENED AUSTRIAN INFLUENCES OVER GERMANY 300 GERMAN STATES COMBINED

9. CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1815) GERMAN STATES REDUCED TO 39 DOMINATED BY AUSTRIA CONFEDERATION (Bund) WAS WEAK & INEFFECTIVE STIRRING NATIONALIST FEELINGS

10. ZOLLVEREIN (1819) GERMAN TARIFFS ENCOURAGED FREE TRADE AMONG GERMAN STATES & MAINTAINED HIGH TARIFFS AGAINST NON-MEMBERS BENEFITED GERMAN WORKERS, MERCHANTS, & MANUFACTURERS

11. FAILURE OF THE 1848 REVOLUTION GERMAN LIBERALS LEAD A SERIES OF REVOLTS AIMED AT ENDING AUTOCRACY & UNIFYING GERMANY FRANKFURT ASSEMBLY (PARLIAMENT) CONVENED TO INSTITUTE DEMOCRATIC RULE; PROCLAIMED GERMAN UNIFICATION; OFFERED KING OF PRUSSIA TO BE EMPEROR OF UNIFIED GERMANY

12. KING OF PRUSSIA REFUSED OFFER CONSERVATIVES RETAKE POWER END OF FRANKFURT ASSEMBLY

13. LEADERS OF GERMAN UNIFICATION 1.OTTO von BISMARCK 2.WILLIAM I 3.VON MOLTKE

14. OTTO von BISMARCK CHIEF MINISTER OF PRUSSIA-1862 MEMBER OF LANDOWNING ARISTOCRACY (JUNKERS) PLANNED TO UNITE GERMANY WITH BLOOD & IRON

15. KAISER WILLIAM I HOHENZOLLERN KING OF PRUSSIA (1861-1888) BECAME EMPEROR OF GERMANY -1871 SUPPORTER OF BISMARCK

16. HELMUTH von MOLTKE PRUSSIAN GENERAL & CHIEF OF STAFF ASSURED BISMARCK’S SUCCESS BY BUILDING LARGE, POWERFUL ARMY & ACHIEVING MILITARY SUCCESS

17. STEPS IN GERMAN UNIFICATION (1862- 1871)

18. CREATION OF PRUSSIAN MILITARY POWER: STEP 1 1862-BISMARCK REQUESTED THE BUILD-UP OF GERMAN MILITARY PRUSSIAN LEGISLATURE REFUSED BISMARCK IGNORED LAW MAKERS & VIOLATED PRUSSIAN CONSTITUTION BY RULING AS DICTATOR UNTIL 1867 BISMARCK & von MOLTKE CREATE STRONG & POWERFUL MILITARY

19. ELIMINATION OF AUSTRIAN INFLUENCE: STEP 2 DANISH WAR (1864) BISMARCK BROUGHT ABOUT WAR W/ DENMARK OVER CONTROL OF SCHLESWIG & HOLSTEIN WITH HELP FROM AUSTRIA, DENMARK IS DEFEATED PRUSSIA & AUSTRIA SHARE OWNERSHIP OF THE TWO REGIONS

20. AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR (1866) BISMARK STARTS WAR W/ AUSTRIA OVER CONTROL OF CONQUERED REGIONS von MOLTKE’S ARMIES QUICKLY DEFEAT AUSTRIA PRUSSIA GAINS CONTROL OF SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN & AUSTRIA LOOSES CONTROL OF GERMANY

21. NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION (1867) STEP 3 BISMARCK ANNEXED SEVERAL NORTH GERMAN STATES & COMPELLED THE REMAINING ONES TO JOIN IN A PRUSSIAN-DOMINATED NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION SOUTHERN GERMAN STATES REMAIN UNDER PRUSSIAN INFLUENCE DUE TO THE ZOLLVEREIN

22. FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR (1867-1871) BISMARCK STARTS WAR W/ FRANCE TO UNIFY SOUTHERN GERMAN STATES WITH PRUSSIA (NATIONALISTIC FEELINGS) GENERAL von MOLTKE’S ARMIES INVADED FRANCE & DEFEATED FRENCH AT BATTLE OF SEDAN

23. WITH THE TREATY OF FRANKFURT FRANCE CEDED TO GERMANY THE PROVINCES OF ALSACE & LORRAINE (COAL & IRON) PAY GERMANY HUGE WAR INDEMNITY CONSENTED TO GERMAN MILITARY OCCUPATION UNTIL INDEMNITY WAS PAID PLANTED SEEDS FOR WORLD WAR I

24. ESTABLISHMENT OF GERMAN EMPIRE (1871) DURING FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR, SOUTHERN GERMAN STATES UNIFIED W/ PRUSSIA 1871- AT PALACE OF VERSAILLES, BISMARCK PROCLAIMED WILLIAM I AS EMPEROR (KAISER) OF GERMAN EMPIRE