1. 5/18/2015 Hello! Please remember to ask to leave the room
Have your review HW out to be checked in.
While I check it in you should discuss any 7.1 review questions with your table
7.1 exit slip
Start 7.2
Activity: Time and Speciation
HW: Finish your timeline! SP 0.4!
Reassessment is THURSDAY. Please sign up in the front of the room on the clipboard. You can come any time, ends at 3:05.
Elite? See me at end of class!

2. Where are we? Ppt review of 7.2-L1 Take notes Posted after the B day
Pull out your Unit 7 Rubric.
1st assessment for 7.1
Starting 7.2 Today!
7.2 -
Students understand how macroevolution explains the diversity of life on the planet
Chapter 16 p
VOCAB
Speciation
Geologic time scale
Biodiversity
Extinction
Phylogenetic tree
Macroevolution L1
Explain the mechanism of speciation L2
Explain barriers of reproduction between two species L3
Analyze phylogenetic trees of evolutionary history
Ppt review of 7.2-L1
Take notes
Posted after the B day

3. Two Ways We Look At Evolution
We just finished this ☺
Moving on to this!
Microevolution
Macroevolution
Changes in a gene pool of a population
E.g. a population accumulating; darker fur genes or “higher fitness number” genes
The formation of new species or taxonomic groups!
Includes: How did animals evolve? How did mammals evolve? Etc!

4. Macroevolution
Big Changes

5. Can Selection Alone Cause Big Changes?
YES!

6. Macroevolution
Is concerned with how new taxonomic groups or species came to be
Ex: How did mammals evolve from ancestral reptiles??? so…taxonomic groups!

7. The Taxonomic Groups is how we organize all the organisms on the Earth!
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
No need to memorize these – we will focus on Species. But I think it’s useful to understand what the goal is. Interestingly this all existed BEFORE the concept of evolution. Evolution convenient explains these observations- which is what a theory is! But this system will probably disappear within our lifetime because it really is arbitrary little boxes that don’t match how evolution functions.

8. JIC: Pneumonic Device – YOU DO NOT NEED TO MEMORIZE FOR QUIZZES 
Dude
Kings
Play
Chess On
Fancy
Gold
Sets
May help them in Trivia Crack?

9. Ex: Cat Taxonomy Eukarya Domain Animalia Kingdom
Chordata (vertebrates)
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis
catus
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
We see evidence of relationships between all animals, vertebrates, mammals, carnivores, felines etc.

10. Felis Catus
Felis
Zoom in on Order Carnivora!
Example

11. Scientific Names are based on Taxonomy
Genus species of taxonomy put together and put in italics.
Ex: humans are Homo sapiens/H. sapiens
Ex: Domestic cat is
Felis catus
aka: Felis domesticus or Felis silvestrus

12. Modern Goal of Taxonomy
Identify which species are most closely related to which
E.g. which fossils we find represent ancestors, which represents cousins?

13. Speculative, but not a leap of Faith
7.3 – the Evidence!

14. Microevolution→ Macroevolution

15. So tell me…. What defines a species???
Whiteboard

16. *Note*
Species (and other taxonomic levels) organizes nature into neat little boxes.
Nature don’t work like that…our brains do! So…
Lots of exceptions to the rule, e.g. hybrids, dogs/wolves etc.
Difficult to classify asexual species
Very difficult to classify extinct species

17. Different Species… Cannot naturally combine gene pools
Cannot have fertile, viable offspring**
Picture by Mrs. Sweis

18. Appearance can be misleading in determining a species.

19. Same species or different species?
Members of Different Species May Be Similar in Appearance

20. Members of SAME Species May Differ in Appearance
Same species or different species?
Members of SAME Species May Differ in Appearance

21. Speciation is the process by which new species form
1. Populations Isolated
2. Populations genetically diverge
No gene flow between them
May be physically (allopatric) or within an area (sympatric)
Populations adapt differently and accumulate genetic differences
Eventually they are too different to reproduce

22. Allopatric Isolation and Divergence
Part of a mainland
population reaches
to an isolated island
The isolated populations begin
to diverge due to genetic drift
and natural selection
Divergence may eventually
become sufficient to cause
reproductive isolation

23. Sympatric Isolation and Divergence
Part of a fly population that lives only on
hawthorn trees moves to an apple tree
The flies living on the apple tree
do not encounter the flies living
on the hawthorn tree, so the
populations diverge
Fig

24. Is this Plausible?
Yes!
There is observed experimental evidence of speciation.

25. Micro + Macro → The Big Picture!
-Darwin’s BIG IDEA
-natural selection takes place in populations that are isolated
-over LONG periods of time, small changes in allele frequencies from gen to gen can add up to BIG changes in species.
-This leads us again to the idea of a universal common ancestor.

26. But How Could This

27. Evolve from this?

28. Very Gradually Over 4 Billion Years

29. How Much is a Billion? (compared to a million)
1 million seconds = about 12 days
1 billion seconds = about 32 years
1 million minutes ago was approximately 2 years ago
1 billion minutes ago was the year 114AD
1 million hours ago it was the dawn of the 20th century (1901)
1 billion hours ago was around the time we think the first modern humans walked (141k ya)
1 million days ago it was about 700BC
1 billion days ago was 2.7 million years BC
The magnitude of difference between billion and million can be illustrated with this example of the time scale:
A million seconds is 12 days.
A billion seconds is 31 years.
A trillion seconds is 31,688 years.

30. To Understand the Evolutionary Timescale
Each person gets 92cm worth of paper
Scale out 4.6 billion years on that paper (the approximate age of the Earth)
The 4.6 billion years should use up all 92 cm. Why are we asking you to use 92 cm HINT HINT…
Check with your teacher to see if your scale is appropriate

31. NEXT… Pick 10 MAJOR events in the history of the Earth (and life)
Do not focus on human events! You have 4.6 billion years to look at!
Get this list approved 
Identify approximately when they occurred and place a sketch or small picture at the appropriate point. Label what happened

32. E.g. if you did the last 20 years
MJ 6-peats
You all are born
9/11
Obama Elected
Burj Khalifa
Y2k is a bust
Iraq War
New Jones Built
20ya
18ya
16ya
14 ya
12 ya
10ya
8ya
6ya
4 ya
2 ya
Today

33. HOMEWORK
Finish your timeline and bring it to class SP 0.4, fill out your survey!
ELITE: come see me now
Optional HW:
Come to Ac Lab and review your last Unit test
Read the corresponding pages in the wolf book.
Review this power point on the HHW

34. Reproductive Barriers
Pre-Zygotic
Post-Zygotic
No successful union of sperm and egg
Zygote forms, but the resulting offspring is not fertile and viable
Probably pull this to a second day?????
But is them L1? That’s something I was trying to determine from the rubric