1. Where will DESIRE get us? Dr David Toke, Senior Lecturer, University of Birmingham. Note: some slides taken from presentations made by Anders Andersen and Paul Woods to DESIRE seminar on November 9 th 2005

2. Aalborg University PlanEnergi Universität Kassel Birmingham University Tallinn Technical University Energi- og Miljødata Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik EMD Deutschland LABEiN Technological Centre in Bilbao Warzaw Technical University

3. Wind power: what do we do when there is no wind? Switch on a power station that would otherwise have been retired!

4. Having no wind is not a great problem

5. What can we do when there’s too much wind?

6. The necessity for CHP plants offering balancing of fluctuating Renewable Electricity Productions

8. Options for balancing Turn off some windmills Turn off a lot of conventional power stations Build bigger electricity inter-connectors Use CHP to balance wind power

9. CHP uses less gas than CCGT systems!

10. How balancing works When there’s too much wind……shut down engines and use heat in accumulators When there’s not enough wind turn on engines and……pump heat into accumulators

11. Picture of CHP unit with two heat accumulators (thermal stores) on left

12. Thermal storage - schematic BoilerCHP Thermal Store

13. Thermal Storage Principles Allows CHP to operate in day-time and store surplus heat to meet night-time heat demand Allows increase in CHP capacity by smoothing demand and maximising heat from CHP Enables a single large CHP to meet a lower summer demand without needing to dump heat CHP can operate at full output (for shorter periods) rather than modulating which maximises efficiency Hot water storage – temperature difference 30ºC to 40ºC Chilled water storage – temperature difference 8ºC to 10ºC Ice storage – latent heat Eutectic materials

14. Thermal Store - Delivery

15. Thermal Storage - after

16. Charles Dickens Estate Portsmouth 530 dwellings School and Arts and Leisure Centre 526kWe gas- engine CHP 70m 3 thermal store Some blocks had electric heating New controls - no heat meters

17. How does balancing help in the short term? 1) CHP plant can co-operate to bid for the short term operating reserves market, utilising thermal stores

18. 2) CHP operators can use thermal stores to get peak power prices

19. How can balancing help in the short term? 3) It can reduce BETTA penalties if CHP and windfarms co-produce

20. Danish Gas CHP reduces CO2 emissions a lot better than CCGTs

21. How to get a lot more good CHP Give CHP incentives according to efficiency of CHP system Give market confidence about prices for electricity Make good quality CHP mandatory for next 5 or ten years Make good quality CHP mandatory for all new buildings (where gas is available)

22. CountryTariff in p/KWh Average capacity factor (%) Annual Return per installed MW (£) Germany5.5( declini ng) 1887,000 United Kingdom 5.0 (15 yr contract) 6.0 (10 yr contract) 8.0 (annual contract) 28123,000 147,000 172,000 Spain4.528110,000

26. http://www.plan.aau.dk/~ana/

27. United Kingdom 2005 5.0 (15 yr contract) 6.0 (10 yr contract) 8.0 (annual contract) 28123,000 147,000 172,000 CountryTariff in p/KWh Average capacity factor (%) Annual Return per installed MW (£) United Kingdom 2005 5.0 (15 yr contract) 6.0 (10 yr contract) 8.0 (annual contract) 28123,000 147,000 172,000 United Kingdom 2011 4.0 (15 yr contract) 4.5 (10 yr contract) 5.3 (annual contract) 2898,000 110,000 130,000 In 2011 the Conservatives might be in office, and they may reduce prices for onshore wind……..