1. CSC/ECE 778 Optical Networking Rudra Dutta Fall, 2007

2. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 20072 Course Introduction Objectives Perspective Grading Work Products Policies

3. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 20073 Objectives To become familiar with the state of research in optical network design and provisioning algorithms To become familiar with the process of research To become prepared to contribute to optical networking research

4. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 20074 Am I in the Right Room? This course does not address: – “How do I configure the Lucent/Nortel/Alcatel optical switch?” – “How do I interpret eye-diagrams for fiber amplifiers?” This 700-level course – will involve significant effort – is research-oriented

5. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 20075 Perspective – What’s Optical? A new generation of network utilizing fiber Not just point-to-point fiber transmission Utilize unique features of optics – Hybrid optic/electronic switching Unique concerns as well – Fault tolerance may be life and death Study is research oriented – Still far from protocol development

6. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 20076 Optical Networks Physical Data Link Control Internetworking Transport Session Presentation Application Burst Switching, Packet Switching Logical Topology Multicast Scheduling Focus - Networking Solutions

7. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 20077 Network characteristics are changed – Bandwidth / switching cost tradeoff Traditionally, bandwidth was bottleneck Now, processing power and electro-optic conversion Tradeoff the changes – Collision detection not useful with WDM Need schedules Standing assumptions need reexamination – Exploit larger bandwidth provided by medium – Integrate new capabilities such as wavelength division multiplexing How Is Optical Different ?

8. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 20078 Fiber Characteristics Huge BW: 30 – 50 Tbps Low intrinsic losses: 0.2 dB/km Low BER: 10 -11 Low power requirements: 100 photons/bit Immunity to EMI Low cost Finite source power

9. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 20079 An Example – Traffic Grooming Single wavelength bandwidth quite large – Need to multiplex lower speed (“subwavelength”) data streams Optical signal terminated by wavelength – Terminating one stream terminates all – Other streams have to be electronically forwarded We would like to tailor the multiplexing to minimize such electronic routing – “Groom” traffic, in other words – “Hybrid” electro-optic switching

10. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200710 Lightpath – Grooming Primitive Lightpaths - clear optical channels Virtual Topology - static set of lightpaths Reconfigurability, transparency A B D C End Node Routing Node AC D B

11. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200711 Traffic Grooming - Example Wavelength - 1 Gbps ISP H1 H2 CL RCL1 RCL2 RTR1 50 Mbps, H2 250 Mbps, RTR1 100 Mbps, RCL1 100 Mbps, RCL2 100 Mbps, CL 800 Mbps, ISP 200 Mbps, H1 50 Mbps, H2 100 Mbps, RTR1 200 Mbps, ISP 600 Mbps, H1

12. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200712 Traffic Grooming - Example No optical routing - 5250 Mbps electronic routing 6 WADMs, 12 SONET ADMs ISP H1 H2 CL RCL1 RCL2 RTR1 200+600+100+100 +50 + 250 100+100+50+250 + 50 + 100 100+50+250+50+100 +100 50+50+100 +100+800+200 100+100+800+200 +200+600 800+200+200+600 +100+100

13. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200713 Traffic Grooming - Example No electronic routing 6 wavelengths, 12 SONET ADMs ISP H1 H2 CL RCL1 RCL2 RTR1

14. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200714 Traffic Grooming - Example A particular grooming strategy - 1300 Mbps electronic routing 3 wavelengths, 9 SONET ADMs ISP H1 H2 CL RCL1 RCL2 RTR1 50 Mbps, H2 250 Mbps, RTR1 100 Mbps, RCL1 100 Mbps, RCL2 100 Mbps, CL 800 Mbps, ISP 200 Mbps, H1 50 Mbps, H2 100 Mbps, RTR1 200 Mbps, ISP 600 Mbps, H1

15. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200715 Traffic Grooming - Example Another grooming strategy - “best” with 2 wavelengths 2 wavelengths, 8 SONET ADMs, 2450 Mbps electronic routing ISP H1 H2 CL RCL1 RCL2 RTR1 50 Mbps, H2 250 Mbps, RTR1 100 Mbps, RCL1 100 Mbps, RCL2 100 Mbps, CL 800 Mbps, ISP 200 Mbps, H1 50 Mbps, H2 100 Mbps, RTR1 200 Mbps, ISP 600 Mbps, H1

16. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200716 State of the Art Research Tools of the trade – Theory/mathematical Optimization, linear/integer programming NP-completeness theory Graph theory, Queuing theory, Markov theory – Verification Programming, simulation, … Technology Trigger Theory, Math Protocol Design Implement, Market

17. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200717 Grading 3 Programming Projects: 45% – (grade will be based on code, report, performance results) Research Presentation: 15% – (in-class presentation on 1-2 research papers) Literature Report (groups of two): 20% – (report on a research area within the field of optical networking) Final Exam: 20% – (take-home exam; based on lectures, reading assignments) Class Participation – (attend class and actively participate in discussion)

18. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200718 Policies Pre-requisites – General CS/CE background – General networking background (570, 573) – Good programming skills Data structures and algorithms related to networks and graphs Participation: All students expected to: – Attend class regularly – Read papers assigned by student presenters – Actively participate in the discussion All work products must be submitted on time – Exceptions only under extraordinary circumstances – You may not delay your research presentation

19. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200719 Work Products Descriptive – Understand optical network design principles, issues, constraints – Know what's out there, work in progress – Final exam Analytical / critical – Evaluate alternatives, strengths, weaknesses – Final exam Algorithmic – Design and/or implementation – Skill-oriented: projects Synthesis – Ability to perform original research – Research-oriented: research presentations, literature report

20. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200720 Work Products Programming projects – Implement specified design algorithm Possibly modifying design – Deliverables: source code and performance results – Each student must submit their own work Research report – Group of two – Select a specific research topic, compile and read a number (15-20) of recent papers – Prepare a report (8-10 pages) summarizing state-of-the-art in this area – Goal is to synthesize information – Expectation: conference-quality report

21. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200721 Work Products Research presentation – Each group will: Identify 2-4 important papers, make them available to everyone Present the material during class – Each group member will prepare a research presentation 45-minute presentation each...... followed by class discussion – Rest of class: Read papers Participate in the discussion Final test – Take home, covering lectures, reports, projects – Due December 10th

22. Copyright Rudra Dutta, NCSU, Fall, 200722 A Question... Can we move the timing of this class? Currently M-W 5:20 PM - 6:35 PM Keep M-W Keep same length of lecture Start at: – 5:00 ? – 4:45 ? – 4:30 ??