1. Institutional affiliation Date

2. Introduction History of PPACA 2010 There are many discussions about Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA) whether it is constitutional or unconstitutional or a complicated issues.

3. History of PPACA 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was signed into law by president Barrack Obama in March 2010. It brought a change in health systems.

4. How bundle payments are processed Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) initiative links payments for a number of services beneficiaries receive during an episode of care. The initiative controls organization as it enters into the payment. The model leads to higher quality and coordinated health care at a low cost.

5. How do health care facilities price their services Medical providers are required to provide quality healthy care for any patient who has a life threatening condition without considering the patients financial resources. Patients are treated in Medicare without considering their ability to pay for services. Medical providers compensate this cost by increasing prices for other patients through collection of government subsidies.

6. How this service was established This service was established as a form of medical provision and insurance for patients who do not have enough money for their treatment.

7. What benefits this has for the health care facility Health care facility will benefit because providers will organize around the buddle payment when they have more cases of been rewarded. Encourage consumers to use providers in bundled payment arrangements.

8. How physicians and hospitals determine better patient services, lower costs, and increase quality of patient encounters Improving the quality of the doctor patient relationship and at the same time decreasing the utilization of diagnostic testing, hospitalizations, prescriptions, and referrals. Improving healthcare provision through employing measurable skills and behaviors.

9. Halo effect Halo effect is a benefit effect of a physician or other healthcare provider on patient during a medical encounter without consideration of the therapy or procedure been provided.

10. Spillover effect Spillover Effect is generally a propensity of one person's emotion to affect how other people around them feel. Enhances an understanding of consequences of interventions for the purpose of improving an access to health care.

11. References Boltz, M. (2012). Evidence-based geriatric nursing protocols for best practice. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Wandho ̈ fer, R. (2014). Transaction banking and the impact of regulatory change: Basel III and other challenges for the global economy. Maurer, F. A., & Smith, C. M. (2013). Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier/Saunders.