1. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations Bentley & Ziegler, TRADITIONS AND ENCOUNTERS, 2/e

2. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa Climatic Change and the Development of Agriculture in Africa Early Sudanic Agriculture Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

3. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa Climatic Change and the Development of Agriculture in Africa Early Sudanic Agriculture Climatic Change Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

4. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa Climatic Change and the Development of Agriculture in Africa Early Sudanic Agriculture Climatic Change The Nile River Valley Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

5. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa Egypt and Nubia: “Gifts of the Nile” Early Agriculture in the Nile Valley Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

6. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa Egypt and Nubia: “Gifts of the Nile” Early Agriculture in the Nile Valley Political Organization Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations The Nile Valley, 3000-2000 B.C.E.

7. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa The Unification of Egypt The Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

8. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa The Unification of Egypt The Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom Relations Between Egypt and Nubia Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

9. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa The Unification of Egypt The Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom Relations Between Egypt and Nubia The Early Kingdom of Kush Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

10. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa Turmoil and Empire The Middle Kingdom Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations Imperial Egypt, 1400 B.C.E.

11. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa Turmoil and Empire The Middle Kingdom The Hyksos Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations Imperial Egypt, 1400 B.C.E.

12. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa Turmoil and Empire The Middle Kingdom The Hyksos The New Kingdom Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations Imperial Egypt, 1400 B.C.E.

13. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa Turmoil and Empire The Middle Kingdom The Hyksos The New Kingdom Egyptian Imperialism Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations Imperial Egypt, 1400 B.C.E.

14. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Agricultural Society in Africa Turmoil and Empire The Middle Kingdom The Hyksos The New Kingdom Egyptian Imperialism The Revived Kingdom of Kush Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations Imperial Egypt, 1400 B.C.E.

15. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions The Emergence of Cities and Stratified Societies Cities of the Nile Valley Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

16. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions The Emergence of Cities and Stratified Societies Cities of the Nile Valley Social Classes Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

17. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions The Emergence of Cities and Stratified Societies Cities of the Nile Valley Social Classes Patriarchal Society Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

18. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions Economic Specialization and Trade Bronze Metallurgy Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

19. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions Economic Specialization and Trade Bronze Metallurgy Iron Metallurgy Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

20. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions Economic Specialization and Trade Bronze Metallurgy Iron Metallurgy Transportation Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

21. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions Economic Specialization and Trade Bronze Metallurgy Iron Metallurgy Transportation Trade Networks Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

22. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions Early Writing in the Nile Valley Hieroglyphic Writing Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

23. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions Early Writing in the Nile Valley Hieroglyphic Writing Education Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

24. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions Early Writing in the Nile Valley Hieroglyphic Writing Education Meroitic Writing Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

25. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions The Development of Organized Religious Traditions Amon and Re Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

26. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions The Development of Organized Religious Traditions Amon and Re Aten and Monotheism Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

27. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions The Development of Organized Religious Traditions Amon and Re Aten and Monotheism Mummification Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

28. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions The Development of Organized Religious Traditions Amon and Re Aten and Monotheism Mummification Cult of Osiris Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

29. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions The Development of Organized Religious Traditions Amon and Re Aten and Monotheism Mummification Cult of Osiris Nubian Religious Beliefs Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

30. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Bantu Migrations and Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa The Dynamics of Bantu Expansion The Bantu Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

31. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Bantu Migrations and Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa The Dynamics of Bantu Expansion The Bantu Bantu Migrations Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations The Bantu Migrations, 2000 B.C.E. – 1000 C.E.

32. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Bantu Migrations and Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa The Dynamics of Bantu Expansion The Bantu Bantu Migrations Iron and Migration Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations The Bantu Migrations, 2000 B.C.E. – 1000 C.E.

33. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Bantu Migrations and Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa Spread of Agriculture Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

34. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Bantu Migrations and Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa Spread of Agriculture Religious Beliefs Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

35. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Sources From The Past: Harkhuf’s Expedition to Nubia Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations “The majesty of [Pharoah] Mernere, my lord, sent me toether with my father...to [the Nubian kingdom] of Yam to open the way to that country. I did it in seven months; I brought from it all kinds of beautiful and rare gifts, and was praised for it greatly…”

36. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Sources From The Past: The Great Hymn to Aten Chapter Three: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations “Splendid you rise in heaven’s lightland O living Aten, creator of life! When you have dawned in eastern lightland, You fill every land with your beauty…”