Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

COGNITIVE STRATEGIES IN WEB SEARCHING Original paper by: Raquel Navarro-Prieto, Mike Scaife, Yvonne Rogers School of Cognitive and Computer Sciences, University.

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "COGNITIVE STRATEGIES IN WEB SEARCHING Original paper by: Raquel Navarro-Prieto, Mike Scaife, Yvonne Rogers School of Cognitive and Computer Sciences, University."— Presentation transcript:

1 COGNITIVE STRATEGIES IN WEB SEARCHING Original paper by: Raquel Navarro-Prieto, Mike Scaife, Yvonne Rogers School of Cognitive and Computer Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. June 1999

2 Summary The problem : users get lost in the web The problem : users get lost in the web The questions : why? How to avoid? The questions : why? How to avoid? The goal : empirical web searching model The goal : empirical web searching model The strategy : the interactivity framework The strategy : the interactivity framework The implementation : tasks & interviews The implementation : tasks & interviews The results : representations and skills The results : representations and skills

3 Lost in the web People get lost in the web : People get lost in the web : Don’t know how to search...Don’t know how to search... Don’t even know what to search...Don’t even know what to search... A good design can help! But... A good design can help! But... Different people + same interface =Different people + same interface = different strategies Dependencies (interactions) amongDependencies (interactions) among userstasksrepresentations

4 All that’s worth is... Three main factors : Three main factors : Users’ experience and strategiesUsers’ experience and strategies Browsing strategy Browsing strategy Empirical strategy Empirical strategy What else ? What else ? Type of searching task :Type of searching task : Fact-finding (look for Dijkstra algorithm) Fact-finding (look for Dijkstra algorithm) Exploratory (all about a 1997 Nobel Prize) Exploratory (all about a 1997 Nobel Prize) How the information is presented :How the information is presented : (only) textual (only) textual (also) graphical (also) graphical (even) multimedia (even) multimedia

5 The interactivity framework External Cognition : interplay between internal and external representations External Cognition : interplay between internal and external representations Computational offloading : measures how much an info is easy to understand Computational offloading : measures how much an info is easy to understand re-representationre-representation graphical constraininggraphical constraining Temporal and spatial constrainingTemporal and spatial constraining How do all of these interplay and guide the users choices ? How do all of these interplay and guide the users choices ?

6 The study 23 students with different skills : 23 students with different skills : 10 Computer scientists10 Computer scientists 13 Psychologists13 Psychologists Half an hour to perform four tasks using whichever site or engine Half an hour to perform four tasks using whichever site or engine Video-recordsVideo-records InterviewsInterviews QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

7 The tasks Searchingconditions Fact Finding Exploratory Dispersedstructure Look for database algorithm in Java (CS) Look for criteria for the diagnosis of diseases (Psy) Find all the available jobs for profession Category structured Look for word definitions Find all information about 1997 Nobel Prize for Literature

8 Human performances CS were smarter (of course ;-) ) CS were smarter (of course ;-) ) Almost all were satisfied Almost all were satisfied Almost no one remembered useless queries or strategies Almost no one remembered useless queries or strategies Almost all remembered only or better the last search Almost all remembered only or better the last search Some difficulties with more than 3 windows Some difficulties with more than 3 windows

9 Results TaskExperiencedNovice Dispersedstructure FACT FINDING : bottom up or mixed EXPLORATORY : top down Top down at first, then bottom up Type without planning Categorystructure Top down or mixed Top down through categories Bottom up at first, then top down

10 Searching model (experienced)

11 Conclusions External representation matters! External representation matters! clarifying what’s useful and what is notclarifying what’s useful and what is not Graphical constrains matter! Graphical constrains matter! misleading graphs = waste of timemisleading graphs = waste of time Spatial/Temporal constrains matter! Spatial/Temporal constrains matter! Too many windows or too many clicksToo many windows or too many clicks = little lost users... Further effort is needed : Further effort is needed : to understand internal/external interplayto understand internal/external interplay to structure the sites in a user-friendly wayto structure the sites in a user-friendly way to help the newbies without penalizing the expertsto help the newbies without penalizing the experts

12 Questions ?


Download ppt "COGNITIVE STRATEGIES IN WEB SEARCHING Original paper by: Raquel Navarro-Prieto, Mike Scaife, Yvonne Rogers School of Cognitive and Computer Sciences, University."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google