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Development in Adolescence. Passage Rites  Performed in over 50% of preindustrialized societies  Wesfield calls them “A Crash Course in Adulthood” 

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Presentation on theme: "Development in Adolescence. Passage Rites  Performed in over 50% of preindustrialized societies  Wesfield calls them “A Crash Course in Adulthood” "— Presentation transcript:

1 Development in Adolescence

2 Passage Rites  Performed in over 50% of preindustrialized societies  Wesfield calls them “A Crash Course in Adulthood”  Four high common steps:  Separation  Training  Initiation  Induction

3 Biological and Physical Changes  Biologically, adolescence is the period from onset of puberty to adulthood  Pubescence = changes that lead to sexual maturity  Puberty = signifies sexual maturity  Growth Velocity – 2nd only to infancy  Body Composition  Primary & Secondary Sexual Characteristics

4 Figure 11.1 Height at 50th percentile for U.S. children. Source: Health Department, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; based on data by H. C. Stuart and H. V. Meredith, prepared for use in Children’s Medical Center, Boston. Used by permission of the Milwaukee Health Department.

5 Figure 11.2 Weight at 50th percentile for U.S. children. Source: Health Department, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; based on data by H. C. Stuart and H. V. Meredith, prepared for use in Children’s Medical Center, Boston. Used by permission of the Milwaukee Health Department.

6 Figure 11.3 Growth curve for fat mass in boys and girls. Distinct average sex differences in ratio of fat-free to fat mass may account for many of the observed sex differences in motor performance. Source: Adapted from Malina & Bouchard, 1991.

7 Figure 11.4 Four sources of concern most often mentioned by middle-class U.S. male and female adolescents. Source: Based on Gibson-Cline (1996), p. 217.

8 Nutrition & Eating Disorders  Typical, active adolescent requires 50% more calories during adolescence  Many do not get the appropriate nutrition  Obesity and dieting  Body Mass Index  Anorexia  Bulimia

9 Figure 11.5 Adults who are overweight (BMI. 27.8 kg/m2 for men and 27.3 for women), and their perceptions/ misperceptions about weight. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1998, p. 154.

10 Cognitive Development: Major Changes in Thought  Five major changes in adolescent thought  Better able to deal with “possible” things  Better at thinking about abstract things  Think more about the process of thinking  More multidimensional (“depends on point of view”)  Able to handle less certainty in thinking

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12 Figure 11.6 All possible combinations of the four test tubes to which the fifth can be added. The experiment requires the subject to discover the combination(s) that yields a yellow liquid when potassium iodide is added. The correct solutions have a yellow background.

13 Adolescent Egocentrism  Not a derogatory term!  Cognitive and emotional self-centeredness  Imaginary Audience (“what will people think if they see me?”)  Personal Fable – A feeling of being special and unique (“It won’t happen to me!”)

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15 Moral Development  Close link between moral and cognitive development  Carroll & Rest suggest 4-Steps in behaving morally:  Recognizing a moral problem (sensitivity)  Judging what is right and wrong (judgment)  Making a plan of action (motivation)  Putting the plan into action (action)

16 Piaget’s Morality  Two ways of moral thinking:  Heteronomous morality 4-7 years  Autonomous Morality 10+ years

17 Kohlberg’s Moral Theory  Closely linked to Piaget’s Theory  Moral development begins with the self (egocentric)  Eventually takes into account others in the immediate context  Finally becomes more universal and more independent

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19 Gilligan’s View of Morality  Suggests women progress from initial selfishness toward a recognition of social responsibility  Boys may be more concerned with law and order than with caring and compassion

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