1. Accretion Phenomena in Accreting Neutron Stars From atol to Z-sources Norbert S. Schulz, L. Ji, M. Nowak Claude R. Canizares MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics & Space Research Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 Accretion Disk Processes with Chandra HETG T. Kallman GSFC, Greenbelt MD

2. Atoll-, Banana- and Z-sources Schulz, Hasinger&Truemper 1989, Hasinger & van der Klis 1989 Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010

3. Atoll-, Banana- and Z-sources Schulz, Hasinger&Truemper 1989 Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 sub-L Eddington accretion rates super-L Eddington accretion rates Spectral States of XTE J1701 - 462: Link Between Z and Atoll Sources (Lin et al. 2010)

4. Atoll-sources with Chandra HETG Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 1S 0921-63 74.7ks 1 4U 0614+091 200.2 ks 4 4U 0919-54 28.5 ks 1 4U 1254-690 51.6 ks 1 4U 1323-619 39.2 ks 1 4U 1543-62 37,8 ks 1 4U 1608-52 23,8 ks 1 4U 1624-49 73.7 ks 1 4U 1630-47 51.1 ks 1 4U 1636-53 110.1 ks 4 4U 1705-44 59.2 ks 3 4U 1728-34 135.3 ks 4 4U 1735-44 73.7 ks 3 4U 1746-37 41.7 ks 1 4U 1812-12 86.1 ks 1 4U 1820-39 120.0 ks 5 4U 1822-00 2.2 ks 1 4U 1822-37 180.4 ks 3 4U 1857+01 4.9 ks 1 EXO 0749-767 76.4 ks 3 GS 1826-24 164.2ks 3 GR 1915-11 328.4ks 11 Her X-1 245.0ks 10 4U 1730-335 28.7ks 1 Ser X-1 76.8ks 1 XB 1916-05 46.4ks 1 26 Atoll sources for 2.3 Msec in 69 observations M. Linares PhD Thesis 2009

5. Accretion of Matter in X-ray Binaries ~7891011log r [cm] Photo-emission and absorption line spectra for log L x > 37 [erg/s] Spectral continua Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010

6. Accretion Disk Morphologies Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 OpticaLthick cool reflection surface Thin & hot ionization layer Accretion disk atmosphere Accretion disk atmosphere/ Accretion Disk Corona *ADC)

7. Accretion Disk Atmospheres Assumptions: - energy balance between heating by incident radiation and cooling by recombining emission. - uniform static corona in thermal equi- librium. Compare: - the deduced emission measure n 2 V from the measured line luminosity L line =n 2 Va atom E line A ion with the expected one from an X-ray heated ADC d EM/d  = 2.5x10 65  -3 L 38 2 f(R,T) yellow:measured quantities blue atomic data and ADC models green: quantities to compare log L x = 38 = 37 Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010

8. Accretion Disk Coronae 4U 1626-67 (Schulz et al. 2002) Her X-1 (Ji et al. 2008) 2S 0921-80 (Kallman et al. 2003) Cir X-1 (Schulz et al. 2008) Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010

9. Atoll Sources: 4U 1822-37 with Einstein Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 White & Holt 1982

10. Atoll Sources: 4U 1822-37 with RXTE Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 Heinz & Nowak 2001 White & Holt 1982

11. Atoll Sources: 4U 1822-37 with Chandra Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 Cottam et al. 2001

12. Atoll Sources: 4U 1822-37 with Chandra Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 Ji et al. 2010

13. Atoll Sources: 4U 1822-37 with Chandra Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 Heinz & Nowak 2001

14. Atoll Sources: 4U 1822-37 with Chandra Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010

15. Atoll Sources: 4U 1822-37 with Chandra Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010

16. Atoll Sources: 4U 0614+091 with Chandra Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010

17. Atoll Sources: 4U 0614+091 with Chandra Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 Schulz 1999, Piraino et al. 1999, Migliari et al. 2010, Schulz et al. 2010

18. Atoll Sources: 4U 0614+091 with Chandra Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 Madej et al. 2010 Schulz et al. 2010

19. Atoll Sources: 4U 0614+091 with Chandra Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010

20. Banana-sources with Chandra HETG Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 GX 3+1 9.2 ks 1 GX 13+1 29.9 ks 1 GX 9+9 46.2 ks 1 GX 13+1 150 ks 5 GX 9+9 200 ks 3 3 Banana sources for 85.3 ksec in 4 observations

21. Banana Sources: GX 13+1 with Chandra Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 GX 13+1 (4U 1811-17) is a persistently bright (F x = 9x10 -9 erg cm -2 s -1, N H = 10 22 cm -2 ) LMXB with a K5 III companion at distance of 7+/-1 kpc.

22. Z-sources with Chandra HETG Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 Cir X-1 265.4 ks 9 Cyg X-2 258.0 ks 5 GX 17+2 79.9 ks 3 GX 340+0 80.1 ks 4 GX 349+2 51.1 ks 4 GX 5-1 81.8 ks 5 Sco X-1 15.0 ks 1 GX 349+2 130.0 ks 4 7 Z -sources for 831.8 ksec in 31 observations

23. 7th Microquasar Workshop, Foca, Sept. 1-6, 2008 Z-source and Microquasar: Cir X-1 Possibly ultra-relativistic jet Neutron star binary Low/Intermediate mass companion Accretion disk wind of 400 -2000 km/s Variable cool & hot absorbers Suggested soft ionized absorber (Parkingson et al. 2003) Fender et al. 2004

24. Z-sources with Chandra HETG Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 Cyg X-2 like Z-tracks Sco X-1 like Z-tracks Church&Church 2001, 2004 Church et al. 2006, 2010 Jackson et L. 2009 Extended ADC model

25. Interpretation of Z-tracks with ExADCs Fe XXVI Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 Church, Jackson, & Church 2009

26. Z-sources: Cyg X-2 Low-mass X-ray Binary: Z-source prototype Distance: 8-12 kpc Luminosity: >> 10 37 erg/s Companion: A9III evolved, 0.6 M Sun Binary period: 9.84 days Compact Object: Neutron star (type I bursts) Spectral Properties (DiSalvo et al. 2002) : Column Density: 2x10 21 cm -2 Diskbb/bbody : 0.8 keV / 1.7 keV Electron Temperature: > 3 keV Comptoniztation (seed): 1-2 keV Fe-K line: 6.7 keV, 42 eV EW Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010

27. Extended ADCs in Z-sources: Cyg X-2 Chandra Accretion Workschop— Cambridge, MA. July 13-15, 2010 r disk = [0.7 -- 2.7] x10 10 cm n Z = < 10 14 cm -3 n fexxv ~ 10 16 cm -3 log  2.8 (HB) --> 3.4 (FB) L x : 0.6 L Edd --> 1.4 L Edd

28. Summary Chandra HETG has observed 36 LMXBs (identified Atoll, Banana, and Z-Sources) for ~ 3.2 Msec in 104 observations. The Atoll source 4U 1822 -37 shows a thin ionization layer of ionization parameter log  < 2.6 inferring L x ~ 10 38 erg/s; Highly ionized Fe XXVI emission from central corona The Atoll source 4U 0614+091 is likely of ultra-compact nature with an accretion disk radius of a few 10 9 cm, probable higher Ne abundance. It exhibits a highly variable and moderately relativistic O VIII line from it inner disk The Z-source Cyg X-2 exhibits broad line emission indicating the presence of an extended (r~10 10 cm) ADC. Line fluxes indicate ADC heating from HB --> NB --> FB from sub- to super Eddington luminosities,