1. Incorporating Quotes Brainstorm: Why do we use quotes in our writing?

2. Incorporating Quotes, Cont. We use quotes as EVIDENCE or PROOF in our writing. For example, we cannot say that Walter is a kind father without giving a quote or example that backs this up.

3. Incorporating Quotes, Cont. However, we cannot just add a quote without any explanation. If you have a quotes in your writing, you need to tell the reader The book’s title and author(at least once in the paper) The character who said the quote Why the quote is important The page number of the quote (in parenthesis, after the quote)

4. Incorporating Quotes, Cont. For example, we could say: In Lorraine Hansberry’s play, Raisin in the Sun, Walter Younger proves he is a kind father when he says, “That’s my boy” as Travis Younger is exiting the scene (31).

5. Citations Used to document the quote or any outside source What do I cite? Quotations Paraphrased information Statistics Information that is not common knowledge, or from your personal knowledge

6. Guidelines for Citations Most parenthetical (in text) citations include author’s last name and page number If the author’s name IS NOT mentioned in the text, then include the author’s last name in the parenthetical citation before the page number. Note that no comma appears between the author’s last name and the page number. Ex. The modern world requires both the ability to concentrate on one thing and the ability to attend to more than one thing at a time: “Ideally, each individual would cultivate a repertoire of styles of attention, appropriate to different situations” (Bateson 97).

7. Guidelines for Citations If the author’s name IS mentioned in the text, then cite the page number(s) in parentheses. Ex. Branscomb argues that “it is a good idea to lurk for a few weeks, to ensure that you do not break any of the rules of netiquette” (7) when joining a listserv.

8. Guidelines for Citations If the author is unidentified, substitute the author’s name for the title or an abbreviated title in the text or the internal citation. Underline the title if the source is a book, use quotation marks if the source is an article. Ex. The use of Customer Relationship Management systems has grown substantially over the past five years as companies attempt to adapt to customer needs and to improve their profitability (“Making CRM Work”). Notice how this is not a DIRECT QUOTE (there are no quotation marks around it. Therefore, we can assume this is a paraphrase. However, you still MUST CITE IT!!!

9. Guidelines for Citations If the information is covered over multiple pages of the text, include the full range of pages in the citation by separating them with a dash. Ex. The concern over global warming has caused people to do such extreme things as walk five miles to and from work and free their home from electricity (Brandon 118-19).

10. Guidelines for Citations If there are two or more authors responsible for a text, include both of their names in the internal citation in alphabetical order. Ex. The economic theory has never been tested within a societal system, but is believed to be a solution for poverty (Edison and Thomas 287).

11. Additional rules to go by: A citation goes after the quotation marks and before the period A citation comes immediately after a quotation, even if the quotation is not at the end of a sentence (see # 2 above).