1. Aspen Makkar Brianna A. Richards Social Justice Block B April 2010

2. Maps East-central Africa surrounded by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Tanzania and Burundi

3. History Became a part of German controlled East Africa (1890) After WWI Rwanda became a Belgian League of Nations Mandate with Burundi, called “Ruanda-Urundi” (1918) Ethnic identity cards to separate the Tutsi and Hutus (1926) PARMEHUTU (Party for the Emancipation of the Hutus) is formed (1957) Hutus rebel against Belgian control and Tutsi flee to Burundi Ruanda became the independent nation of Rwanda (July 1, 1962) Civil War and massacres commence Populations as of 2008 – 9,720,694

4. Native Cultures Tutsi – 9% of population – Considered superior and advanced race by Westerners – Tall, thin, light-skin complexion Hutu – 90% of population – Generally dark-skin complexion, short, stocky Twa – 1% of population (Pygmies) Same language and religions Traditional music and dance Differences are based on colonial separation, appearance, political views and social standing

5. Government Republic (Parliamentary) Current President – Paul Kagame – Elected in 2003 (seven year terms) 2007 Budget $31.7 billion Francs ($29 million USD) Revenue - $28 million Expenditures - $29 million

6. Life in Rwanda Distribution of Wealth Almost 90% of pop. live on less than $2 USD per day Half of pop. live on less than $1 USD $65.3 % of pop. lived below poverty line in 1998 Class System The Belgians instituted ethnic identity cards in 1926 Racial discriminated was born through imperialism Led to genocide

7. Economy Devastated by the war Most of population are farmers Government is nation’s main employer Major Exports – Coffee & tea – Tin cassiterite, Wolfframite, pyrethrum – Markets – China, Belgium, Germany Imports – Suppliers – Kenya, Germany, Belgium, France, Uganda, Israel

8. Gross Domestic Product $3.4 billion USD (2008) Real Growth rate: 11.2% Agriculture – 40% Industry – 13.5% Services – 42.7% (2007) Trade (2007) – Exports - $145 million – Imports - $488 million

9. 1996 Humanitarian Assistance – More than $307.4 million – Initially for relief efforts and refugee camps – Shifted to aid reconstruction and development Foreign as of 1996 was over $500 million per year Rwanda is less dependent upon financial aid now than in the late 90s

10. Work Cited http://www.cotf/edu/exe/modules/mgorilla/ mgethnic.html http://www.cotf/edu/exe/modules/mgorilla/ mgethnic.html http://www.nmafa.si.edu/exhibits/focus/tutsi. html http://www.nmafa.si.edu/exhibits/focus/tutsi. html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sh ows/rwanda/etc/cron.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sh ows/rwanda/etc/cron.html http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2861.htm