1. The Civil War and Oliver Cromwell presented by Eva Seifertová

2. Content The English Revolution Charles I. The Civil War Oliver Cromwell Summary

3. The English Revolution (1640-1658) Commonly divided into 4 periods: -1st Parliamentary fight ( 1640- 1642) (against the King Charles I.) -2nd The Civil War (1642-1649) -3rd The period of the Republic (1649-1653) -4th Cromwell’s Protectorate (1653-1658) Long lasting conflict (absolutism- Charles I. X Parliament); - accompanied with religious unrest

4. Charles I. (1600-1649) Son of James I. (Stuart ’ s dynasty) Ruled in 1625; (reign 1625-1649) Huge Effort to rule absolutistic without parliament, he follows his father ’ s steps 1629 dissolved the Parliament (Charles I. governed without a Parliament 11 years) shortage of money (he needs Parliamentary permission to raise taxes); he was forced by the shortage of funds to call Parliament in 1640 Money needed for building an army (religious rebellion in Scotland) Unsuccessful negotiation (Charles I. X Parliament) 1642 armed conflict began (Charles I. with his army ran into parliament building).

5. Charles I. of England

6. The Civil War (1642-49) Firstly, Charles I. was successful, ruled over the north of the country 3 main battles: 1644: Battle of Marston Moore (1st victory of parliament army; Cromwell´s own army brought fame to him) 1645: Battle of Naseby ( the definitive victory of parliament, Charles I. captured for the 1st time) 1648: Battle of Preston: (The king defeated and captured again) The King imprisoned, found guilty for treason and executed (beheaded). Refused all the accusations 2 Shirts Did not show any fear during the execution; died with nobleness.

7. The English Civil War: The Main Battles

8. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) Born in Huntington in 1599 1620 married Elizabeth Bourchier Aristocrat, leader of Independents (an important branch of Puritans) - independents- the radical branch of Puritans; require a total defeat of the King - Built own army (Armoured Cavalry; used own money) - The period of Republic (1649-53) Cromwell - leader of the army, the most influential man in England - Defeated Levellers- the radical Puritans  1653 dissolved Parliament  Cromwell´s Protectorate (1653- 1658) he was given a title: Lord Protector honest, kind, moral demands

9. Oliver Cromwell Seized Ireland and Scotland Refused to become the King for several times (offered by his army) Loosing support of his army (at the end of his life) 1658 Cromwell died (plague, black death) He chose his son Richard as a successor Shortage of the army support led to his resignation as the Lord Protector 1660 : Stuarts (Charles II.)

10. Summary The Civil War impowerd Parliament, Puritans and their army The end of the King´s radical absolutism Greater religious freedom Oliver Cromwell (the influential person, a military genius, successful conqueror – Ireland, Scotland, Jamaica)

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