1. High Performance Manufactured Homes Active UES Proposal Presentation to the Regional Technical Forum April 17, 2012 Project Sponsor: Bonneville Power Administration Presentation by: Ben Larson, Ecotope and Tom Hewes, Northwest Energy Works

2. Measure Summary Measure name: High Performance Manufactured Homes (HPMH) Measure sponsor: Bonneville Power Administration Measure description: – Construction of and installation of lighting and appliances in new, manufactured homes in accordance with the High Performance Manufactured Home Specification Measure type: UES Requesting Status: Approved Change in measure status: Yes (proposed  active) Change in measure savings: No Change in measure cost effectiveness: No Other or follow-on work for RTF: No 2

3. NEEM Program (Northwest Energy Efficient Manufactured Home) Manufacturer and State collaboration to set and maintain energy efficiency standards Provide QC for efficiency measures in the plant Support the promotion of energy efficient manufactured homes Built on the MAP program operated by BPA from 1992-1996 A NEW Initiative to provide High Efficiency Homes

4. NEEM & the HPMH Project NEEM is a joint energy efficiency program between the regions utilities and the regional manufactured home industry – The region’s 10 HUD (Manufactured home) and Modular (factory-built to local code) prefab builders build to NEEM specs – NEEM is supported by 74+ utilities in the PNW and California – NEEM has a set of factory quality management procedures and inspections – Northwest Energy Works (NEW), NEEM central administrator HPMH development funded by Bonneville Power Administration – Goals of the project are to get deep energy savings in this housing sector – Performance should approach the levels needed to achieve “net-zero” – Program to be integrated into the existing NEEM infrastructure Approximately 1,000 Energy Star/Eco-rated homes built annually for the past two years (historic lows), with a 50+% market share in the region 4

5. HPMH Spec. Proposed Approach Develop a specification to address all aspects of home energy use Provide a forum for regional equipment initiatives Develop a new market for manufactured homes Approach “Net Zero” specifications – Heating system (DHP with zonal electric resistance) – DHW (HPWH and fixtures) – High efficiency lighting package – EnergyStar appliances Provide large, cost-effective, electric savings

6. Production20062007200820092010 NEEM Energy Star4,8073,7442,8481,5781,218 PNW Total Production8,5956,2484,2392,3772,157 NEEM Market Share56%60%67%66%56% SBRA Energy Star3,7353,9804,0584,0924,310 Rest of US Total Production108,77889,50477,66847,34047,889 SBRA Market Share3%4%5%9% Determining the Baseline Home in the Absence of NEEM Sources: MHI for total Production numbers, SBRA and NEEM for Energy Star home numbers MHI = Manufactured Housing Institute. SBRA = Systems Building Research Alliance. MHRA = Manufactured Housing Research Alliance. Note: A $1,000 federal tax credit to the builders of Energy Star manufactured homes went into effect in late 2005 and ran through 2011. SBRA (then MHRA) began qualifying Energy Star manufactured homes in the late 1990’s. NEEM participation dropped significantly at the end of MAP, and Energy Star participation elsewhere in the country had rather minimal market share in the absence of incentives. 6

7. Uo Baseline Specifications Uo is the coefficient of heat transmission for the entire structure – (Btu/hr-ft 2 -°F) – Conductivity per square foot of building envelope – Not including infiltration and ventilation “HUD+” is the current NW baseline based on current market research by WSU and NEW 7 Northwest Specific Uo Values TypeCommentsUo HUD Federal Maximum0.079 “HUD+” Northwest Baseline0.065 NEEM Northwest Energy Efficient Manufactured Home0.054 HPMH High Performance Manufactured Home (Super NEEM)0.040

8. Manufactured Homes Specifications Overview ComponentUnits Baseline "HUD+" NEEM HPMH "Super NEEM" Envelope CeilingR-ValueR22R38R45 WallR-ValueR11 -- R21R21 R21 + R5 Foam Sheathing Window U-ValueU-Value0.40.340.22 Glazing % of CFA12% DoorU-Value0.2 FloorR-ValueR19R33R38 InfiltrationACH 504.83.93.0 VentilationExhaust FanMarket BaseEnergyStar UoBtu/hr-ft 2 -°F0.0650.0540.040 HVAC Heating System Electric FAF DHP HSPF 10 & Wall Heaters Cooling System none DHP SEER 20 Supply Duct Leakage% system flow12.5%5%No Ducts Return Duct Leakage% system flowNone - Interior No Ducts DHW Water HeaterEF0.9 EF0.93 EFHPWH Shower Headgpm2.5 1.75 Lighting LPDW/ft 2 1.4 0.6 Appliances Dishwasher Market Base EnergyStar Refrigerator Market Base EnergyStar 8

9. UES Analysis Summary Refer to Measure Workbook

10. Analysis Approach (1) Lighting calculated with LPD method Appliance savings from existing RTF measures Calibrated SEEM runs for estimating – heating, cooling, ventilation, and DHW DHW energy use – Parallel analysis to HPWH presented in 2011

11. Analysis Approach (2) Heating, cooling, ventilation, and DHW energy use calculated with SEEM – DHP Modeling methodology from NEEA Ductless Heat Pump Impact & Process Evaluation: Field Metering Report Field findings: DHP heats differing house fraction based on climate – HZ1: 74%, HZ2: 63%, HZ3: 45% Calibrated SEEM to pre/post DHP installation periods at 91 houses – Unique simulations created for each house based on detailed audits – Note: energy uses here not reflective of DHP program savings – they are only applicable here as a calibration exercise – HPWH Modeling based on SEEM simulated annual crawl space temperature profile and HPWH COP map HPWH installed in sound-attenuated, buffered closet which draws air from crawl space and exhausts outdoors 11 Method Heating Energy Use (kWh/yr) N MeanSD Pre-Installation Billing Data9347389291 Pre-Installation SEEM 66.8°F Setpoint 9331413591 Post-Installation Metered Data6484389491 Post-Installation SEEM 69.5°F Setpoint6466315191

12. Measure Cost, Life, and Sunset Criteria 12 Total Package Cost 2006 $s: $9,205 – See workbook “CostSummary” & “CostData” tabs Measure Life:~36-39 years – Shell: 45 years – DHP:20 years – Ventilation Fan: 20 years – DHW: 15 years – Lights: 7.6 years – Appliances: 16 years Sunset Criteria: – Measure shall sunset at the end of 2013, at which time the lighting savings UES component of the measure shall be reevaluated against the changing federal lighting standards.

13. 13

14. Results

15. 15

16. Energy Use, Savings, and B/C Ratio 16 ClimatesTotal Annual Energy Use (kWh/yr)Savings (kWh/yr) (yrs) HeatingCooling Baseline "HUD+" NEEM HPMH "Super NEEM" HPMH to Baseline B/C Ratio Measure Life HZ1CZ115,83612,9577,6688,1681.937 HZ1CZ215,83612,9577,7718,0661.837 HZ1CZ315,83612,9577,9357,9021.836 HZ2CZ119,59715,5679,23910,3582.339 HZ2CZ219,59715,5679,33610,2612.339 HZ2CZ319,59715,5679,49510,1022.338 HZ3CZ122,55817,57011,14711,4112.639 HZ3CZ222,55817,57011,23511,3232.639 HZ3CZ322,55817,57011,38011,1792.539

17. 17

18. Energy Use by Load Significant reductions in space heating, water heating, and lighting over both “HUD+” baseline and NEEM. – Big savings from wall sheathing, triple-glazed windows, DHPs, HPWH, and lighting improvements 18

19. 19

20. Motion for Approval “I _________ move that the RTF approve the UES for High Performance Manufactured Homes with active status which will sunset at the end of 2013.” 20

21. Contacts Northwest Energy Works Tom Hewes tom@northwestenergyworks.com 888.370.3277 x101 Brady Peaks brady@northwestenergyworks.com 888.370.3277 x102 21 Bonneville Power Administration Mark Johnson mejohnson@bpa.gov 503.230.7669 Ecotope Ben Larson ben@ecotope.com 206.322.3753 x207