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4. Importance of Glycolysis Electron Donors and Acceptors ATP Yield Respiration and Proton Motive Force Glycolysis Microbial Metabolism > Glycolysis Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/microbiology?campaign_content=book_5777_section_64&campaign_term=Microbiology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_ medium=direct&utm_source=boundless

5. Glycolysis is present in nearly all living organisms. Glucose is the source of almost all energy used by cells. Overall, glycolysis produces two pyruvate molecules, a net gain of two ATP molecules, and two NADH molecules. Importance of Glycolysis Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/alternative-to-microbiology-principles-and-explorations-8th-jacquelyn-g-black-0470646217- 9780470646212/microbial-metabolism-5/glycolysis-64/importance-of-glycolysis-349- 11581?campaign_content=book_5777_section_64&campaign_term=Microbiology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source =boundless Cellular Respiration View on Boundless.com Microbial Metabolism > Glycolysis

6. Bacterial electron transport chains may contain as many as three proton pumps. The most common electron donors are organic molecules. There are a number of different electron acceptors, both organic and inorganic. If oxygen is available, it is invariably used as the terminal electron acceptor. Electron Donors and Acceptors Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/alternative-to-microbiology-principles-and-explorations-8th-jacquelyn-g-black-0470646217- 9780470646212/microbial-metabolism-5/glycolysis-64/electron-donors-and-acceptors-350- 5684?campaign_content=book_5777_section_64&campaign_term=Microbiology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source= boundless Glycolysis Pathway Overview View on Boundless.com Microbial Metabolism > Glycolysis

7. While glucose catabolism always produces energy, the amount of energy (in terms of ATP equivalents) produced can vary, especially across different species. The number of hydrogen ions the electron transport chain complexes can pump through the membrane varies between species. NAD+ provides more ATP than FAD+ in the electron transport chain and can lead to variance in ATP production. The use of intermediates from glucose catabolism in other biosynthetic pathways, such as amino acid synthesis, can lower the yield of ATP. ATP Yield Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/alternative-to-microbiology-principles-and-explorations-8th-jacquelyn-g-black-0470646217- 9780470646212/microbial-metabolism-5/glycolysis-64/atp-yield-351- 11590?campaign_content=book_5777_section_64&campaign_term=Microbiology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source =boundless Adenosine triphosphate View on Boundless.com Microbial Metabolism > Glycolysis

8. The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process as they break high- energy bonds. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen in order to generate energy (ATP). Aerobic metabolism is up to 15 times more efficient than anaerobic metabolism (which yields two molecules ATP per one molecule glucose). With the help of the solar-driven enzyme bacteriorhodopsin, some bacteria make proton gradients by pumping in protons from the environment. Respiration and Proton Motive Force Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/alternative-to-microbiology-principles-and-explorations-8th-jacquelyn-g-black-0470646217- 9780470646212/microbial-metabolism-5/glycolysis-64/respiration-and-proton-motive-force-352- 5691?campaign_content=book_5777_section_64&campaign_term=Microbiology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source= boundless Overview of Cellular Respiration View on Boundless.com Microbial Metabolism > Glycolysis

9. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

10. Key terms catabolism destructive metabolism, usually including the release of energy and breakdown of materials exothermic releasing energy in the form of heat glycolysis the cellular metabolic pathway of the simple sugar glucose to yield pyruvic acid and ATP as an energy source heterotroph an organism that requires an external supply of energy in the form of food, as it cannot synthesize its own lithotroph An organism that obtains its energy from inorganic compounds (such as ammonia) via electron transfer. organotroph An organism that obtains its energy from organic compounds. redox a reversible process in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Metabolism

11. Glycolysis Pathway Overview An overview of the glycolytic pathway. This pathway, comprised of a series of reactions, produces many intermediates and molecules utilized as substrates for biosynthesis in additional pathways. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "File:Glycolysis2.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Glycolysis2.svg&page=1 View on Boundless.comCC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Glycolysis2.svg&page=1View on Boundless.com Microbial Metabolism

12. Overview of Cellular Respiration A diagram of cellular respiration including glycolysis, Krebs cycle (AKA citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "CellRespiration." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CellRespiration.svg View on Boundless.comGNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CellRespiration.svgView on Boundless.com Microbial Metabolism

13. Adenosine triphosphate ATP is the main source of energy in many living organisms. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "ATP-3D-vdW." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ATP-3D-vdW.png View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ATP-3D-vdW.pngView on Boundless.com Microbial Metabolism

14. Humans use of prokaryotes This is a microscopic image of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) with a gram staining of magnification: 1,000. The oval, unstained structures are spores. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Bacillus%20subtilis%20Gram." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bacillus_subtilis_Gram.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bacillus_subtilis_Gram.jpgView on Boundless.com Microbial Metabolism

15. Cellular Respiration Glycolysis is the first pathway of cellular respiration that oxidizes glucose molecules. It is followed by the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Connexions. "Carbohydrate Metabolism." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m46451/latest/ View on Boundless.comCC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m46451/latest/View on Boundless.com Microbial Metabolism

16. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Metabolism What is the purpose of glycolysis? A) It uses ATP to make glucose. B) It breaks down glucose into pyruvate to release energy. C) It produces oxygen. D) It breaks down pyruvate to release energy.

17. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Microbial Metabolism What is the purpose of glycolysis? A) It uses ATP to make glucose. B) It breaks down glucose into pyruvate to release energy. C) It produces oxygen. D) It breaks down pyruvate to release energy.

18. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Metabolism Electron donors can be classified as: A) organic B) inorganic C) organic and inorganic D) none of the choices

19. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Microbial Metabolism Electron donors can be classified as: A) organic B) inorganic C) organic and inorganic D) none of the choices

20. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Metabolism Which of the following are sources of variability in the amount of ATP equivalents produced per molecule of glucose consumed? A) The number of hydrogen ions the electron transport chains pumps is the same in all species. B) all of these answers C) The electron carrier, either NAD+ or FAD+, will produce different amounts of ATP. D) In some species, lipids block the catabolism of glucose molecules.

21. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Microbial Metabolism Which of the following are sources of variability in the amount of ATP equivalents produced per molecule of glucose consumed? A) The number of hydrogen ions the electron transport chains pumps is the same in all species. B) all of these answers C) The electron carrier, either NAD+ or FAD+, will produce different amounts of ATP. D) In some species, lipids block the catabolism of glucose molecules.

22. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Metabolism In fermenting bacteria, the ability to generate ATP in regards to respiration is dependent on the F1FO ATP synthase. In occurrences where there are large quantities of ATP, the ATP synthase: A) in combination with the electron transport chain creates a proton gradient B) hydrolyzes ATP and creates a proton gradient C) undergoes a conformational change and uses the ATP to create additional ATP D) pumps additional protons from the environment and creates an electron transport chain

23. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Microbial Metabolism In fermenting bacteria, the ability to generate ATP in regards to respiration is dependent on the F1FO ATP synthase. In occurrences where there are large quantities of ATP, the ATP synthase: A) in combination with the electron transport chain creates a proton gradient B) hydrolyzes ATP and creates a proton gradient C) undergoes a conformational change and uses the ATP to create additional ATP D) pumps additional protons from the environment and creates an electron transport chain

24. Attribution Wikipedia. "Electron transport chain." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_transport_chainCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_transport_chain Wikipedia. "Glycolytic pathway." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolytic_pathwayCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolytic_pathway Wikipedia. "Microbial metabolism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_metabolismCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_metabolism Wiktionary. "lithotroph." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lithotrophCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lithotroph Wiktionary. "organotroph." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/organotrophCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/organotroph Wikipedia. "Cellular respiration." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respirationCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration Wikipedia. "Proton motive force." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_motive_force#Proton_motive_forceCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_motive_force#Proton_motive_force Wiktionary. "redox." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/redoxCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/redox Wiktionary. "exothermic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exothermicCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exothermic Connexions. "Glycolysis." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44432/latest/?collection=col11448/latestCC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44432/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Wiktionary. "heterotroph." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heterotrophCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heterotroph Wiktionary. "glycolysis." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glycolysisCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glycolysis Connexions. "Oxidative Phosphorylation." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44437/latest/?collection=col11448/latestCC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44437/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Wiktionary. "catabolism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/catabolismCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/catabolism Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Microbial Metabolism