1. Wading Through the Web Conducting Research on the Internet

2. Wading Through the Web 1. Different Types of Search Engines 2. How to Search on the Internet 3. How to cite your sources This presentation will teach you about:

3. Wading Through the Web InternetBooks/Text Anyone can publish a Web page No one checks to see if the information is true or false There are millions of places to look for information Using the Internet is much quicker You can narrow down what you’re looking for more easily The Internet uses search engines Both provide sources of information Both are viewed by millions of people each day A book has to be published by a publishing company Editors check and verify the information Looking for a book can be more time consuming You have to visit a library The library uses the Dewey Decimal System

4. Wading Through the Web When might using the Internet be better than using a traditional text? Topics that are contemporary (modern topics) – The Internet has more up-to-date information on current events. Topics that are controversial – The Internet can give you a lot of different opinions on one topic. It can help you research a topic from different perspectives.

5. Session 1: Different Types of Search Engines

6. Wading Through the Web Different Types of Search Engines  A Search Engine is a program that allows you to search the Internet for information. There are many search engines on the World Wide Web.  You might have heard of search engines like Google, Yahoo!, or MSN. These are the most popular search engines.  There are lots of other excellent search engines on the Internet that you may never have heard of!  Let’s look at the different types of search engines available on the Internet.

7. Wading Through the Web Different Types of Search Engines  Regular Search Engines vs. Metasearch Engines  A regular search engine, like Google or Yahoo!, searches the Internet based on a given search term.  For example, typing “Vasco da Gama” into Google will give you 2,490,000 “hits” or sites to visit for information.  Type the same term into Yahoo!, and you come up with 949,000 hits. 2. TRY IT: Go to Google (www.google.com) and type in “Vasco da Gama” Look at the sites that come up. Click on the first two or three sites. Do they look like they have good information? Now do the same in Yahoo! (www.yahoo.com). What differences do you notice?www.google.comwww.yahoo.com

8. Wading Through the Web Different Types of Search Engines  Why do Google and Yahoo! display different sites for the same word?  This is because of the way the engine searches!  Google and Yahoo! use different search methods. While many of the sites they show you are the same, some are different.  A Metasearch can streamline your search.  A Metasearch has the ability to search several search engines.

9. Wading Through the Web Different Types of Search Engines  Let’s try using a metasearch engine to search information on “Vasco da Gama”  CactiSearch (www.cactisearch.com) is a metasearch engine that will search Google, Yahoo!, MSN, and Ask.com all at once!www.cactisearch.com 3. TRY IT: Go to www.cactisearch.com and type in “Vasco da Gama”www.cactisearch.com The results are sorted by search engine. You can look at all four search engines combined, or narrow your search to Google, Yahoo!, etc. How might a metasearch engine like CactiSearch be more helpful than a regular search engine?

10. Wading Through the Web Different Types of Search Engines  Brainboost (www.brainboost.com) is a search engine that allows you to type in a question rather than a search term. For example, if you wanted to know when Vasco da Gama reached India, you could ask a specific question and get more detailed information.www.brainboost.com 5. TRY IT: Go to www.brainboost.com and type in “When did Vasco da Gama reach India?”www.brainboost.com How does the information you get differ from the information you got on other search engines? What else do you notice on the left hand side? How might this help you as well?

11. Wading Through the Web Different Types of Search Engines  KartOO (www.kartoo.com) is a search engine that shows your information in a map format. This helps you find multiple sites related to a specific topic. For example, it will show you several sites that give information on Vasco de Gama’s voyages and Portugal.www.kartoo.com  This search engine is especially helpful for people who would prefer to see their results in a graphic organizer instead of a list. 6. TRY IT: Go to www.kartoo.com and type in “Vasco de Gama”www.kartoo.com How might this site be more helpful than other sites? What makes it unique?

12. Wading Through the Web Different Types of Search Engines Other Helpful Resources Online encyclopedias are a great resource for research. Try the encyclopedias listed below and see what you think. Ebsco http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=uidhttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=uid Username: olstigers password: tigers Encyclopedia Britannica – www.britannica.com login with library card http://library.eb.com/storelibrarycard?id=calcasieuwww.britannica.com http://library.eb.com/storelibrarycard?id=calcasieu 930108599001 http://lalibcon.state.lib.la.us/ Louisiana Libraryhttp://lalibcon.state.lib.la.us/ Louisiana Library Includes test prep Encarta – www.encarta.msn.comwww.encarta.msn.com Worldbook-www.worldbookonline.com username: tiger01 password: tigers In world book use Advanced Search and create a folder, pathfinders are folders others have created and are sharing.

13. Wading Through the Web Other Helpful Resources Libraries are another place to find lots of useful information. Take a look at these sites! Calcasieu Parish Public Library’s database – http://calcasieulibrary.org/ http://calcasieulibrary.org/ You will need a library card to use some of the linked websites, so also check the webpage of your local library.

14. Session 2: How to Search on the Internet

15. Wading Through the Web 2. How to Search on the Internet  Now that we have looked at different types of search engines, we need to learn how to make the most of your search!  Most search engines have something called an Advanced Search. An advanced search allows you to be more specific about what type of information you are looking for.  When you visit a search engine, the Advanced Search page is a great place to start!

16. Wading Through the Web 7. TRY IT: Go to www.google.com and click on Advanced Search to the right of the search box.www.google.com -Let’s say you discover that some of your results are about the Vasco da Gama hotel and vacations. You want to find out about the life of Vasco da Gama, but not about the hotel. In the Advanced Search menu, put Vasco da Gama in the box that says “all of these words” and hotel and vacation in the box that says “without the words.” This will filter out the information you don’t want! 2. How to Search on the Internet  Let’s see how the Advanced Search option works!

17. Wading Through the Web 2. How to Search on the Internet “Smarter” searching on the Internet  Most Internet search engines also allow you to use a set of words or symbols to narrow your search.  AND – use this word when you want to find two words together. For example “Vasco da Gama AND voyage”  OR – use this when you can accept a couple of words. For example, “Vasco da Gama OR European explorers”  - (minus sign) – use this symbol when you want to exclude a word. For example, “Vasco da Gama -hotel”  “quotations” – use quotation marks when you are searching for an exact phrase. For example, if you were searching for a book title, you could type “The Voyage of Vasco da Gama” in quotations and the search engine will look for that exact phrase.

18. Wading Through the Web 2. How to Search on the Internet “Smarter” searching on the Internet 8. TRY IT: Go to www.cactisearch.comwww.cactisearch.com What would I type into the search box if I wanted to find out about the Vasco da Gama Church? What would I type into the search box if I wanted to find out about Vasco da Gama or any other Portuguese explorers? What would I type into the search box if I wanted to find out about Vasco da Gama’s voyages and also find a map of the countries where he landed?

19. Wading Through the Web 2. How to Search on the Internet How can you tell if an Internet site is reliable? REMEMBER: Anyone can post information on the Internet! Make sure the information you are using comes from a person or organization that can be trusted. One simple way to tell if a site is reliable is to look at who runs the site. Usually, looking at the first section of a web address will tell you where it came from. If it came from a museum, university, or some other place you’ve heard of, chances are that it can be trusted. The following slide provides a checklist you can use to decide whether a website is reliable. If the site contains several characteristics in the “Questionable” column, you probably shouldn’t use it!

20. Wading Through the Web 2. How to Search on the Internet Dupe Detector: A checklist to help surfers begin determining if information found on a website is true or not* Website:TrustworthyQuestionable 1.Do large companies you know advertise on the site?Yes □ No □ 2.Are there any ‘dead links’, or links to ‘moved pages’?No □ Yes □ 3.Do the images support the stated facts?Yes □ No □ 4.Is the site hosted by a credible provider and reside in a ‘trustworthy’ domain.Yes □ No □ 5. Are there links and references to other websites, resources and experts that corroborate this information? Yes □ No □ 6.Is the resource available in another format?Yes □ No □ 7.Do the site’s authors have other publications with credible sites and publishers?Yes □ No □ 8. Are the site’s authors experts in the subject? (Do they have any credentials or experience around the topic?) Yes □ No □ 9.Is contact information provided and does the place/e-mail exist and work?Yes □ No □ 10. Does the site present highly biased visuals (e.g. racist statements, derogatory remarks, and emotional language)? No □ Yes □ 11.Is the site professional (grammar and typing errors are not present or very minimal)?Yes □ No □ Totals**: Available at: http://www.lerc.educ.ubc.ca/LERC/outreach/lomcira2006/lomcirahandoutapril06.dochttp://www.lerc.educ.ubc.ca/LERC/outreach/lomcira2006/lomcirahandoutapril06.doc

21. Session 3: How to Cite Internet Sources

22. Wading Through the Web 3. How to cite your sources  Citing Your Sources  Citing your sources means telling people where you got your information. Just as you list books and encyclopedias in your bibliography, you must also include the sources of information you got from the Internet.  Citing your sources is important because it shows others how to find the same information you found.  To cite a source on the Internet, you need to have a written record of the following information for each website that you actually use in your report or essay:  The name of the site and the author (Who made the website? A company? An organization? An individual?)  What day you found the information  The web address or URL  The copyright date for the website (usually found at the bottom of the homepage)

23. Wading Through the Web 3. How to cite your sources  Citing Your Sources  Use the format below to add Internet resources to a bibliography:  Author. Title of Website. Web address or URL. Copyright date. Date you found the information.  For example, look at the following website on Vasco da Gama and compare it to the information below. (http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/dagama.html)http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/dagama.html  Author: There is no specific author listed  Title: ThinkQuest: Explorers of the Millennium  Web address: http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/dagama.html  Copyright date: 1998 (this is found by clicking on “About this Site”  Date found: April 30, 2006

24. Wading Through the Web 3. How to cite your sources  Citing Your Sources  Using this information:  Author: There is no specific author listed  Title: ThinkQuest: Explorers of the Millennium  Web address: http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/dagama.html  Copyright date: 1998 (this is found by clicking on “About this Site”  Date found: April 30, 2006 a bibliographical citation for this website would look like this: ThinkQuest: Explorers of the Millennium. http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/dagama.html. 1998. Found on April 30, 2006. http://library.thinkquest.org/4034/dagama.html

25. Wading Through the Web 3. How to cite your sources  There are 6 parts to an Internet Citation. This is the correct format as shown:  Author. “Web Page Title”. Web Site. Copyright Date. Access Date. URL (complete web address).  Sample:  Larson, Joanne. “Sports Nutrition”. Ask the Dietitian.com. 2008. 20 November 2008. http://www.dietitian.com/sportnut.htmlhttp://www.dietitian.com/sportnut.html  After each section place a period and then a blank space.  Always write the author’s name Last Name, First Name.  The Access Date is the date you got the information, so usually “today’s date”.  Only the web page title is placed in Quotation marks.  WHAT IS MISSING? Write the missing part (see top for the 6 parts) of each citation in the space provided.  1. Hellman, Nathan. “Jed Rembold Finally Finds His Way to the Moon”. Baker City Herald. July 10, 2009. http://www.bakercityherald.com/Local- News/Jed-Rembold-finally-finds-his-way-to-the-moon_Missing part:http://www.bakercityherald.com/Local- News/Jed-Rembold-finally-finds-his-way-to-the-moon  2. Smith, Jeff. The Oregonian. August 23, 2009. Today’s Date. http://www.osubeavers.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/johnson_grant00.htmlhttp://www.osubeavers.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/johnson_grant00.html  Missing Part:  3. “Jordan’s Effort a Marvel 15 Years Later”. 2/23/09. Today’s Date.  http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090223&content_id=3869616&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090223&content_id=3869616&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb  Missing Part #1:  2nd Missing Part:  4. Mayo Clinic staff. “Achilles Tendon Rupture”. MayoClinic.com. September 26, 2009. Current date.  Missing Part:  Go to the following web site: www.aerospaceguide.net. Be sure to accurately type in the web address. At the left side under Solar System, click on Mercury. Find the following information. You might have to scroll clear to the bottom to find some of it. Please put your answer in RED font. This is NOT the format you use, just a place to record your findings!www.aerospaceguide.net  Author:  Web Page Title:  Web Site:  Copyright Date:  Date you got the information:  URL:  Now, take this information and fill out the citation for it. Some of the information is illed in for you.  Stathopoulus,. The Planet net.  http://www.aerospaceguide.net/http://www.aerospaceguide.net/

26. Review Recording important information Putting your information into correct format for a bibliography Recording important information Putting your information into correct format for a bibliography Using Advanced Search Using words and symbols to narrow your search Using Advanced Search Using words and symbols to narrow your search Regular search engines vs. Metasearch engines Search engines that will categorize the information Search engines that will allow you to ask a question Regular search engines vs. Metasearch engines Search engines that will categorize the information Search engines that will allow you to ask a question Search Engines Internet Searching Citing Sources Now you’re ready to start your own research project. Happy Internet searching!

27. WORDS YOU WILL ENCOUNTER  Accuracy – One of 4 methods of judging the quality of a website. Accuracy implies that the information found on the site is correct and true!  Bootlean – A word used in internet search. Bootlean means using the words, And, Or, Not, etc. in your searches.  Browser – A program that allows you to look at web sites on the Internet.  Citation – A method for giving credit to sources of information. Also called Bibliography or Resources Used.  Copyright – A legal term protecting the creative works of writers, artists, composers, and others.  Credibility – Method of judging the quality of a website. Credibility implies the site is believable.  Currency – Method of evaluating a website for how up to date the information is.  Fair use – Situations in which copywritten material can be used without permission. Be sure to read all this or the Dark Side will be upon you!  Meta Search Engine – A search engine that searches multiple search engines at once.  Paraphrase – To put written text into your own words.  Plagiarism – Using the creative works of another person and claiming it as your own.  Public Domain - Works that are not copywritten or the copyright has expired.  Search Engine – Web sites that goes on the Internet and searches for information.  Truncation – Putting an * after a word in a search. This allows the search engine to find other forms of the word.  URL – “Universal Resource Locator” – another term for the web address.  Usability – Method for evaluating how easy a web site is to navigate, load, and use.

28. ADVANCED SEARCH TECHNIQUES –  There are several types of advanced search techniques: Truncation, Boolean operators, and Phrase Searching. We will look at each one separately.  TRUNCATION is used to expand results by instructing the computer to look for the root of the word and all alternate word endings. When you truncate a search you will get more hits usually.  Star*Searches for stars, starring, starred, etc.  Life*Searches for Life, lives, lived, living, etc.  Truncation symbols may differ depending on the database or search engine you are using. Common truncation symbols are * (an asterisk), ? (question mark), or # (the pound sign).

29.  Use BOOLEAN OPERATORS to produce more relevant search results by combining search terms. The principal Boolean operators are: AND – OR – NOT. Bootlean words must be capitalized to work.  Use AND to combine different concepts together. This will reduce search results.  Star magnitude AND star life span  You can use the + symbol …..star magnitude + life span  Some databases use AND automatically. For example, if you enter star magnitude it will search for the words star and magnitude, but not necessarily for the words to be next to each other.  Use OR to gather references that contain similar terms or synonyms. This will increase search results.  Star magnitude OR star life span  Use NOT to exclude terms. Use this sparingly as it may remove useful search results.  Star magnitude NOT Sun  You can use the – symbol……star magnitude - sun

30.  PHRASE SEARCHING – some databases or search engines will allow you to search for an exact phrase or words in the same sentence or paragraph. You must surround the phrase with quotation marks.  “star magnitude” will only produce hits that have the words star and magnitude right next to each other.

31. Question Answer/ No. of Hits 1A: type the word star 1B: type star* (truncate it!) 1C: Do you want to check this many pages? 1D: type star magnitude Question Answer/ No. of Hits 2A: type star + magnitude 2A: Does the computer put the + in automatically? 2B: type star OR magnitude 2C: type star magnitude - sun

32. Question Answer/ No. of hits 4A: type “star magnitude” + “star life span” 4B: type “star* magnitude” + “star* life span”. 4C: Can you limit the search too much? 4D: What technique works best for this search?

33. INTERNET CITATIONS   There are 6 parts to an Internet Citation. This is the correct format as shown:  Author. “Web Page Title”. Web Site. Copyright Date. Access Date. URL (complete web address).  Sample:  Larson, Joanne. “Sports Nutrition”. Ask the Dietitian.com. 2008. 20 November 2008. http://www.dietitian.com/sportnut.htmlhttp://www.dietitian.com/sportnut.html  After each section place a period and then a blank space.  Always write the author’s name Last Name, First Name.  The Access Date is the date you got the information, so usually “today’s date”.  Only the web page title is placed in Quotation marks.  WHAT IS MISSING? Write the missing part (see top for the 6 parts) of each citation in the space provided.  1. Hellman, Nathan. “Jed Rembold Finally Finds His Way to the Moon”. Baker City Herald. July 10, 2009. http://www.bakercityherald.com/Local- News/Jed-Rembold-finally-finds-his-way-to-the-moon_Missing part:http://www.bakercityherald.com/Local- News/Jed-Rembold-finally-finds-his-way-to-the-moon  2. Smith, Jeff. The Oregonian. August 23, 2009. Today’s Date. http://www.osubeavers.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/johnson_grant00.htmlhttp://www.osubeavers.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/johnson_grant00.html  Missing Part:  3. “Jordan’s Effort a Marvel 15 Years Later”. 2/23/09. Today’s Date.  http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090223&content_id=3869616&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090223&content_id=3869616&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb  Missing Part #1:  2nd Missing Part:  4. Mayo Clinic staff. “Achilles Tendon Rupture”. MayoClinic.com. September 26, 2009. Current date.  Missing Part:  Go to the following web site: www.aerospaceguide.net. Be sure to accurately type in the web address. At the left side under Solar System, click on Mercury. Find the following information. You might have to scroll clear to the bottom to find some of it. Please put your answer in RED font. This is NOT the format you use, just a place to record your findings!www.aerospaceguide.net  Author:  Web Page Title:  Web Site:  Copyright Date:  Date you got the information:  URL:  Now, take this information and fill out the citation for it. Some of the information is illed in for you.  Stathopoulus,. The Planet net.  http://www.aerospaceguide.net/http://www.aerospaceguide.net/  planet/ The book says I need a citation!  I didn’t know you could get a ticket for illegal internet use!  Did you include all six parts? Did you place quotation marks in the right spot? Are there periods after each section?