1. Athabasca Alberta 030528 ~0600 UT

2.  U. Calgary Team  NORSTAR (ASIs/MSPs/Riometers)  Data Analysis & Image Processing  Computer Visualization  THEMIS ASI (Canada) Operations  THEMIS ASI Prototype  THEMIS ASI Web Site (U. Calgary)  THEMIS ASI Data Management, Analysis, Processing  THEMIS ASI Communications Issues Themis ground-based ASI Array Followed by M. Greffen and T. Trondsen

3. High-level Technical Support Kaare Berg (Wilbur; Satellite Instrumentation) Cliff Marcellus (CANOPUS Network; Flight Control Software) Titus Mathews Jr. (POCA; Image Compression; EE PhD) Peter King (Wilbur; Satellite Hardware; RF Engineering) Greg Enno (Viking, Freja, Interball UVAIs; Flight Control Soft.) Brief History of University of Calgary Space Group Experience ISIS II Scanning Photometer Host of ground-based instruments (Phot.; FP; Spect.; First ASI) CANOPUS (ASI; MSPs; Communications Infrastructure) Viking UV Freja UV Interball II UVAI Nozomi TPA Numerous rocket optical and particle instruments NORSTAR MIRACLE ASI array (experience via Mikko Syrjäsuo) Portable Auroral Imager; High Speed Photometer; Induction Coil Mags

5. E. Donovan L. Cogger T. Trondsen M. Syrjäsuo B. Jackel M. Greffen D. Wallis F. Creutzberg E. Spanswick N. Partamies M. Connors D. Knudsen W. Liu Imaging Technology Imaging Technology Field Operations Field Operations Communications Communications Auroral Studies Auroral Studies Imaging Technology Imaging Technology Machine Vision Machine Vision Field Operations Field Operations Database Management Database Management Optical Studies Optical Studies Management Management Technical Support Technical Support Financial Support Financial Support Auroral Dynamics Auroral Dynamics Substorm Studies Substorm Studies Energy Flux Energy Flux Auroral Observations Auroral Observations Substorm Studies Substorm Studies Machine Vision Machine Vision Management Management Auroral Observations Auroral Observations Information Theory Information Theory Database Management Database Management Field Operations Field Operations Communications Communications Riometer Guru Riometer Guru Magnetometer Guru Magnetometer Guru Communications Communications Field Operations Field Operations Field Site Manager Field Site Manager Arctic Operations Arctic Operations Technical Support Technical Support Communications Communications Photometer Guru Photometer Guru Auroral Observations Auroral Observations Communications Communications Field Operations Field Operations Athabasca Observatory Athabasca Observatory Magnetometers Magnetometers Inversion Inversion Quebec Operations? Quebec Operations? Riometer Specialist Riometer Specialist Substorm Onset (gloria) Substorm Onset (gloria) Public Relations Public Relations Dense Array Dense Array Auroral Studies Auroral Studies Enthusiastic Program Scientist Enthusiastic Program Scientist

6. CANOPUS ASI images (one minute cadence; 557 nm filter) for the late growth phase, early expansive phase of a substorm. The bottom panel is a keogram showing high resolution MSP data from the CANOPUS MSP, also located at Gillam. Note the spiral at 0332 UT, and well defined north-south structure at 0337 UT. Events such as this illustrate both the limitations and advantages of ground-based optical observations. The advantage is resolution (spatial here, and temporal not here, but easily obtainable). The disadvantage is limitation to spatial scales smaller than ALL relevant substom phenomena.

7. CANOPUS MSP observations of the proton aurora. This is an indispensable capability for comprehensive synoptic observations for closure of the substorm problem. In particular, the one-to-one relationship between equatorward boundary of the proton aurora and magnetotail stretching and not unrelated one- to-one relationship between the ion plasma sheet pressure and brightness of the proton aurora makes simultaneous observations of proton auroral distribution across ~6 hours MLT (or more) an indispensable component of ground-based support for THEMIS.

8. CANOPUS Riometer observations, in conjunction with GOES 10 and LANL (Alaska) in situ observations showing the temporal evolution of the iner magnetospheric high energy particle populations. The riometers are a global resource, vastly underutilized given the unique insight they provide into high energy precipitation associated with dynamic events. This is as central research theme in the Canadian NORSTAR program, as well as the international GLORIA project which is being led by F. Honary at Lancaster. Riogram

9. NORSTAR - Now

10. Resolute Rankin Inlet Gillam Pinawa NORSTAR – Plasmasphere to Polar Cap Imaging

11. NORSTAR - 2007

12. NORSTAR Dense Array Three to four monochromatic imagers to be utilized to explore energy deposition, tomography, spectrum of spatial scales. MSc project at UofC under supervision by D. Knudsen and E. Donovan. Imagers to be purchased through Donovan CRC-CFI.

13. We now have pixel pointing to better than one degree, are working on calibration and on-board degree, are working on calibration and on-board cloud detection using stars…. cloud detection using stars…. Image of the Big Dipper obtained by averaging one hour of star frames from the NORSTAR Gillam ASI. Pointing for pixels determined by minimizing the area of celestial objects in transformed co-added images. The transformation utilizes a matrix that is based on parameters that reflect the location, UT, imager orientation (pitch, yaw, etc), and details of the optics. All parameters can be determined directly from the data, provided that celestial objects are visible in the data. This is incredibly efficient, making the tasks at hand easily manageable, rather than virtually impossible.

14. Rankin Inlet Imager and SuperDARN Kapuskasing-Saskatoon Pair. Kapuskasing-Saskatoon Pair. Courtesy Jun Liang, USask.

18. New imagers capable of quantitative low intensity imaging, and presently operate at 471, 486, 558, 630 and > 650 nm Keogram of 630 nm ASI data. Intensities are auto-scaled to peak value from MSP (below). Note that we are clearly getting meaningful data down to below 100R. Keogram of 630 nm MSP data. Intensities are in Rayleighs.

19. Energy Fluxes Energy fluxes inferred from two dimensional image data – new techniques which attempt to carry out this difficult task are under development by P. Janhunnen at FMI [Janhunen, JGR, 2001], and being implemented for use with our CANOPUS ASI, NORSTAR ASI and ultimately THEMIS ASI by N. Partamies, presently at FMI but expected to move to Calgary in March 2004. This will be a major focus of THEMIS activities at the University of Calgary, and will involve NORSTAR ASI and MSP data, and overflights of FAST [AMIX?], DMSP, POES and NPOES.

20. Machine Vision – Content Based Image Retrieval We are exploring automatic classification of images, rapid retrieval of images from large datasets, and determination of motion of auroral forms, all using sophisticated machine vision techniques. This classification and CBIR exercise reduces each image to a 48 element feature vector.

21. A classification of 300000 CANOPUS Gillam ASI images yielded these magnetic local time occurrence distributions for arcs, patches and omega bands. This took about 6 hours on a 1.5 GHz pentium. An equivalent manual survey, which yielded the same results, took 4 months of dedicated effort by a student (who miraculously stayed in the field!). This figure from Syrjäsuo and Donovan [Ann. Geophys., in review].

22. Athabasca Alberta THEMIS

24. Raw Image Mapped Image Summary Image Geodetic Grid

26.  POCA (Eureka)  Wilbur (Gillam)  RIOMETER  MSP  NORSTAR pre CGSM  NORSTAR – CGSM  THEMIS THEMIS – Data Issues  3 TB disk storage and growing  data summary, display, and analysis software  information theory, and machine vision existing data set (<500 GB) VERY BIG data set STUPIDLY BIG data set

27. THEMIS – Communications Mode & Cost Existing high-speed infrastructure ATHA, CONT, CHUR, INUV, FSMI, …. ATHA, CONT, CHUR, INUV, FSMI, …. Broadband Satellite + RF Link [A]DSL Telus, Manitoba Telecom, Aliant, ….. Hardcopy via traditional mail Free 5k 9k/yr 0.1k 1k/yr 4k 2k/yr FSIM, INUV, FSMI, RANK, PBQ (2005+), … FSIM, INUV, FSMI, RANK, PBQ (2005+), … PGEO, ATHA, FLIN, PINA, KAPU, HEBR, CART, …. PGEO, ATHA, FLIN, PINA, KAPU, HEBR, CART, …. Telesat HSI Canadian Satellite NOT INUV NOT INUV VSAT All sites depending on provider All sites depending on provider Glentel, Nanometrics, PolarSat, Stratos, …. Never fails (well almost never); Not at all sexy! Never fails (well almost never); Not at all sexy! Standard Internet Dial up to local ISP All sites; Not real time; Not very sexy. All sites; Not real time; Not very sexy. 0.1k 1k/yr 1k 1k/yr

29. THEMIS ASI Array UofC Data Management Station Imager Filters Summary Images Calibration Data Classification Top 40 Entire Dataset Name, location, mag midnight, history of operation, … Relational Database -- 30-100 GB Online storage of complete high-res data for subset of nights of greatest interest for mission Great big pile of hardcopy in at least two separate locations in Canada and one at UCB.

30. THEMIS ASI Array Web Site

31. Milestones 5 imagers 2003-2004 5 imagers 2004-2005 6 imagers 2005-2006 Complete inventory of infrastructure – 2004 Real time summary database – 2005

32. CGSM – Something to look forward to