1. International product policy Standardization versus adaptation in Central European and other countries Branding and regional opportunities New product development or examples of good practice from CE countries Elena Horska

2. Designing the marketing programme Once the firm has decided how it will enter the international market, the next issue is how to desigh the international/global marketing mix. There are different forces in the international environment that may favour either increasing globalization or increasing adaptation of the firm. Supporters of adaptation state that there are substantial differences between countries and even between regions in the same countries.

3. Designing the marketing programme It is relevant to discuss degree of standardization or so called „standardization potential profile“

4. Main decisions in product policy What kind of product? Product life cycle New product development and innovations As a product we can consider anything what can be offered to our customer.

5. Which products for international markets? The same as for home market Adapted products Standardized products New products Define the reasons for each option!

6. Factors of adaptation Consumer goods for daily use Local competition

7. Factors of adaptation Different conditions of use Intercultural differencies in consumer behaviour and purchasing behaviour Differences in purchasing power Different conditions in supplying with production inputs Different legislation

8. Factors of standardization Economics of scale High costs of adaptation process Industrial and high tech products Entering the similar markets Export Global competition Strong image of the country/producer/brand

10. 14-10 Branding decisions Source: Source: adapted from Onkvisit and Shaw, 1993, p. 534.

11. 14-11 Different degrees of product newness Low Newness to CompanyHigh High Newness to International Market Low Reposition Existing products Line extensions/ improvements New to company New to home country Cost reductions New to International markets Increasing risk New to regional market

12. Benefits of strong brand in local/regional market New product in brand portfolio Repositioning the traditional product Seasonal product for larger market Brand partnership