1. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Four out of five doctors say that if they were stranded on a deserted island with no lawyers, they wouldn’t need any aspirin. American Medical Association

2. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Device Labeling and Promotion presented by Bradley Merrill Thompson Epstein Becker & Green, P.C. February 27, 2009

3. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Topics Part OneRegulatory Requirements Part TwoClaim Substantiation Part ThreeOff-Label Promotion Part FourMarketing in a Regulated Environment Part FiveCase Studies I feel like Zsa Zsa Gabor’s fifth husband. I know what I'm supposed to do but I don't know if I can make it interesting. Al Gore

4. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Part One: Regulatory Requirements Topics Definitions Fundamental prohibition Special labeling rules Risks in interactions with physicians Actual Trial Question What happened then? He told me, he says, “I have to kill you because you can identify me.” Did he kill you?

5. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed It’s good to know the basics politicalhumor.about.com

6. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Definitions “Label" is a: display of written, printed, or graphic matter upon the immediate container of any article.... “Labeling" is: all labels and other written, printed, or graphic matter (1) upon any article or any of its containers or wrappers, or (2) accompanying such article.

7. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Definitions “Accompanying": – Is interpreted liberally to mean more than physical association with the product – Extends to posters, tags, pamphlets, circulars, booklets, brochures, instruction books, direction sheets, fillers, etc., depending how they are used – Includes labeling that is brought together with the device after shipment or delivery for shipment in interstate commerce. But what of an oral sales pitch?

8. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Definitions Advertising Not defined in the FFDCA FDA likes to treat advertising as labeling –According to an appellate court decision: "Most, if not all advertising, is labeling.… Congress did not, and we cannot, exclude from the definition printed matter which constitutes advertising.” But consider radio and TV ads –Where do magazine ads fit FTC has jurisdiction over device advertising other than for restricted devices

9. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Fundamental Prohibition The term misbranded means: –“False or misleading in any particular.” False generally is understood to mean a statement that in any material respect is untrue. Misleading is less clear –Twin goals of— Safety and effectiveness Preventing economic fraud

10. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Truth in Advertising Funky.co.uk

11. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed More Truths

12. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Fundamental Prohibition Examples of false labeling include: –Incorrect, inadequate or incomplete identification –Unsubstantiated claims of therapeutic value –Substitution of parts or material –Inaccuracies concerning condition, state, treatment, size, shape or style

13. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Good Accuracy 4.bp.blogspot.com

14. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Mixed Disclosure www.txrollergirls.com

15. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Fundamental Prohibition Examples of misleading labeling include: –Ambiguity, half-truths, and trade puffery –Expressions of opinion or subjective statements –Failure to reveal material facts, consequences that may result from use, or the existence of difference of opinion

16. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Adequate Disclosure? Photoshoptalent.com

17. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Fundamental Prohibition Examples of other objectionable labeling practices include –Deceptive pictorial matter –Misleading testimonials –Misleading list of parts or components –Use of brand or trade names instead of "established names" Often the surest way to convey misinformation is to tell the strict truth. Mark Twain

18. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Misleading testimonial? A6.vox.com

19. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Good Use of Brand Name

20. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Could be deceptive Img.ffffound.com

21. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed What else is misbranded? FDA specifically requires certain information, prominently displayed (unless exempt): –Established name of the product –Name and place of business of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor –Net quantity of contents –Adequate directions for use and adequate warnings

22. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Make sure materials are clear www.gdarguad.net

23. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Exemptions from Adequate Directions for Use Prescription devices Commonly-known directions IVDs Products intended for further processing Teaching, law enforcement and research

24. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed FTC Regulation of Advertising FTC has jurisdiction over advertising for a non-restricted device FTC applies three requirements –Adequate substantiation –No deception, from the standpoint of the reasonable consumer –Fairness Agency influenced by lawyers who focus on consumers and how they are affected

25. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Lanham Act Action against a competitor in federal court Liability arises from deceptive statements about either the competitor’s or the company’s own product alleged to harm the other party, including: –False or misleading claims –Unsubstantiated comparative claims –Overstatements of efficacy –Minimization of risks Damages & injunctive relief are available

26. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed State Regulation of Advertising State Food Drug & Cosmetic Acts State consumer protection laws –Enforcement by state attorneys general –Consumer class actions Politics gives guys so much power that they tend to behave badly around women. And I hope I never get into that. Bill Clinton

27. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Risks in Interactions with Physicians Applicable law –Federal Anti-kickback statute –Fraud and Abuse provisions of the Social Security Act (Medicare/Medicaid statute) –Federal False Claims Act –State Anti-kickback statutes –State False Claims Acts –State statutes requiring disclosure of gifts to prescribers

28. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Risks in Interactions with Physicians Government enforcement risks arise in the context of: –Business courtesies Ensure sales personnel follow applicable guidance with respect to gifts, meals and entertainment –Consulting arrangements Consulting arrangements must be for necessary services pursuant to written agreements in compliance with regulatory requirements –Research grants Grants should be administered outside marketing function, based on objective criteria –Educational activities & meetings Sponsored meetings must take place in locations conducive to educational activities, without providing entertainment and with only modest meals and accommodations

29. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Part Two: Claim Substantiation Topics Generally Comparative claims Establishment claims The pure and simple truth is rarely pure and never simple. Oscar Wilde

30. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Claim Substantiation Generally Refers to the evidence needed to support a claim regarding some feature or performance of the device –Must support both express and implied claims –In labeling, revolves around the FDCA “false and misleading” language –In advertising, revolves around the FTC standard requiring a reasonable basis in objective evidence before the claim is made Unlike with drugs, there is no explicit FDA guidance yet on device claim substantiation

31. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed FTC Factors for Adequate Substantiation Type of product Type of claim Benefits of a truthful claim Cost/feasibility of developing substantiation for the claim Consequences of a false claim Amount of substantiation that experts in the field believe is reasonable

32. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Comparative claims These compare the device to another device FDA considers them inherently misleading – Requires that such claims be supported by sound scientific data, usually a rigorous study that directly compares the devices FTC does not have that same predisposition, instead favoring useful comparisons – But likewise requires rigorous scientific evidence, again a study or studies comparing the devices

33. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Establishment claims These are claims that declare or even suggest that a device’s superiority has been scientifically proven Both FDA and FTC require the company to have at least the level of evidence stated or implied in the claim – There is also a baseline of support required – Studies must be able to withstand criticism

34. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Part Three: Off-Label Promotion Off-Label Use Rules –Basic Intended Use Framework –Evolution of the Legal Landscape –Promotion Dos & Don’ts First Amendment Issues Winter related injuries occur more often in the winter. -newswoman for WHIZ-TV, Zanesville Ohio

35. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Basic Intended Use Framework Under 21 CFR 801.4, the words “intended uses” … refer to the objective intent of the persons legally responsible for the labeling of devices. The intent is determined by such persons' expressions or may be shown by the circumstances surrounding the distribution of the article. This objective intent may, for example, be shown by labeling claims, advertising matter, or oral or written statements by such persons or their representatives. It may be shown by the circumstances that the article is, with the knowledge of such persons or their representatives, offered and used for a purpose for which it is neither labeled nor advertised. …

36. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Off-Label Use Rules: Basic Framework The uses promoted are “intended uses” under 21 CFR 801.4 – If an intended use is for other than the approved indication, the lack of approval and inadequate labeling make device “adulterated” and “misbranded” If promoted off-label, a device may be deemed “misbranded” or “adulterated”

37. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Evolution of the Legal Landscape Where FDA was: Strict regulation of off-label promotion FDA Guidances –Guidance on Dissemination of Reprints and Reference Texts (1996) –Guidance on Industry Supported Scientific and Educational Activities (1997)

38. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Evolution of the Legal Landscape Then FDAMA Section 401 (1997) Sets forth process for disseminating off- label information Requires disclosure statements & labeling Requires later filing for approval of any unapproved uses in the materials Sets forth audience restrictions Limited to dissemination of certain reference journals Now sunset Gofethiye.com

39. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Evolution of the Legal Landscape The Next Change FDA’s authority to regulate off-label promotion has been limited by the courts ► Washington Legal Foundation ► Western States Medical Center ► More on those later Result: FDA cannot infringe on the right of medical device companies to promote their products – on- label or off-label – if other, less restrictive measures can achieve FDA's goals

40. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Evolution of the Legal Landscape What the Law is NOW FDCA sections on misbranding are still in effect FDAMA 401 provisions on dissemination of off- label materials and regulations have sunset CME guidance is still in effect New Guidance on journal reprints FDA cannot infringe on promotion of products if it has other options

41. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed First Amendment FDA’s authority to regulate off-label promotion has been limited by the courts – any such regulation must be narrowly tailored to achieve FDA's purpose Cases: –Washington Legal Foundation v. Henney (2000) –Thompson v. Western States Medical Center (2002)

42. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Washington Legal Foundation WLF brought action challenging 1996/1997 Guidances (and later, FDAMA) as unconstitutional under the First Amendment WLF won at trial On appeal, when FDA asserted they were not mandatory, but created only safe harbors, the court held the matter was not ripe for determination—a technicality

43. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Washington Legal Foundation  Trial court suggested restrictions of its own, which many manufacturers have adopted. –Articles from bona fide peer-reviewed journals or text books published by a bona fide independent publisher –Product must be cleared or approved for at least one indication –False and misleading materials still open to FDA enforcement –Must disclose off-label use –Must disclose any relationship between the company and product or authors

44. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Western States Background: FDAMA exempted "compounded drugs" (mixed by pharmacist) if, among other things : –Drug is compounded by licensed pharmacist –Providers don't advertise or promote compounding of a particular drug, drug class or drug type Challenge: –Compounding provision challenged by group of pharmacies arguing provisions prohibiting advertising violated First Amendment

45. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Western States U.S. Supreme Court held FDAMA compounding provision unconstitutional Lesson learned: –Government must use the least restrictive means possible to achieve its objectives –If government can achieve its purpose without restricting speech, or by restricting less speech, it must do so

46. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Impact of the Litigation FDA cannot infringe on the right of medical device companies to promote their products if other, less restrictive measures can achieve FDA's objectives, such as: –Disclaimers and warning labels –Disclosures –Limitations on non-speech related activity –Narrowing of speech restrictions FDA is reassessing its own authority On May 16, 2002, FDA requested comments on its authority to regulate communications; More than 730 comments received

47. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed SEC Disclosure Requirements SEC’s requirement that companies disclose material information to the investment community, including both positive and negative results of clinical trials, is often inconsistent with FDA’s limitations on disclosure –Clash of pro-speech policy with FDA’s speech restrictions –First Amendment typically does not permit regulation of speech based on audience SEC has brought enforcement actions against companies for failure to disclose important information about products in clinical trials

48. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Conclusions Basic principle: Truthful speech should be allowed Many argue that “truthful” should be judged in the eye of the audience –Doctors are sophisticated; they can be told the truth –Patients should be protected Begs the question, what level of substantiation is required to establish the truthfulness of a statement? But is handing a doctor a peer-reviewed article untruthful? Does it matter who hands it? FDA needs to protect the integrity of its clearance/approval process

49. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Part Four: Marketing in a Regulated Environment The Stages of Promotion General Risk Areas –Good Reprint Practices –Unsolicited Requests –Contracts for future generations –Investor Communications –Websites –Trade Shows –Scientific Meetings Trends in Enforcement Good Promotional Practices The voters have spoken—the bastards. Richard M. Nixon

50. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed A lot of the rules are obvious www.okaponds.com

51. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed A blend of both phase 2 and 4. Cleared and investigational 5 A whole slew of restrictions apply, including limits on off-label promotion, truth in labeling, adequate directions for use, and a number of affirmative requirements related to name, quantity, etc... Cleared or approved 4 According to FDA CPG section 300.600: “Although a firm may advertise or display a device that is the subject of a pending 510(k)--in the hope that FDA will conclude that the device is substantially equivalent to a pre-amendments device--a firm may not take orders, or be prepared to take orders, that might result in contracts of sale for the device unless limited to research or investigational use.” 510(k) pending 3 IDE regulation places explicit restrictions. For example, no promotion is allowed beyond what is necessary for its use in investigations (e.g. recruiting subjects). Here, no clinical performance claims are permitted. Investigational (Human use) 2 As a legal technicality, none on promotion until introduced into interstate commerce. See CPG 300.600. Remember design control requirements that will apply to labeling. But customers and FDA will remember what is said. Early Development 1 Requirements Related to Promotion Regulatory Category Phase Development Phases

52. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed 1. Contracts for future generations 2. Investor communications about clinical trials 3. Medical meeting discussions of clinical trials 4. Peer reviewed articles about marketed devices Cleared and investigational 5 1. Contracts for future generations 2. Investor communications about clinical trials 3. Medical meeting discussions of clinical trials 4. Peer reviewed articles about marketed devices Cleared or approved 4 1.Trade shows 2.Investor communications about clinical trials 3.Medical meeting discussions of clinical trials 4.Peer reviewed articles about marketed devices 510(k) pending 3 1.Trade shows 2.Investor communications about clinical trials 3.Medical meeting discussions of clinical trials 4.Peer reviewed articles about marketed devices Investigational (Human use) 2 1. Investor communications about research Development 1 Special settings and issues Regulatory Category Phase Issues by Development Phase

53. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Basic Rules For Pre-approval Promotion Thou Shall Not Promote Beyond the Anticipated Approved Label –Whatever the company says now about its upcoming product will create an impression in the minds of the customers who may ultimately be asked to purchase that product. –If the company describes uses that do not ultimately get approved, the company will be creating an off-label promotion situation once the product is introduced into commercial distribution.

54. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Basic Rules For Pre-approval Discussion Thou Shall Tell the Truth in Promotional Materials –Both FDA and FTC would have difficulty proceeding against the company for statements made in advance of any product being placed in commercial distribution. (But other laws may still be relevant.) –However, once the opportunity to acquire the product exists, any prior statements made would be evaluated for their truthfulness. Being truthful means, among other things, the statements made are adequately supported by valid scientific evidence at the time they are made.

55. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed FDA Guidance: Good Reprint Practices Publishing Organizations must: –Utilize an independent editorial review board; and –Have a publicly stated policy regarding full disclosure of any conflicts of interest Channels of Distribution. A reference publication: –May not be primarily distributed by the manufacturer; and –Must be generally available. Influence of the Manufacturer. Reference publications and reprints may not be disseminated if: – Written, edited, excerpted, or published for, or at the request of, a product manufacturer –Edited or significantly influenced by the product manufacturer or any party in a financial relationship with the manufacturer –They are special supplements or publications that a manufacturer funded in whole or in part.

56. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed FDA Guidance: Good Reprint Practices Content of Disseminated Information. A reprint or reference publication: –Must not pose a significant risk to the public health. –Must address adequate, well-controlled, scientifically sound clinical investigations include historically controlled studies, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies and meta- analyses if they are testing a specific clinical hypothesis. –Must be truthful and not misleading. Examples of misleading information include: Information that is inconsistent with the weight of credible evidence, A withdrawn journal article or disclaimed reference publication, or Information based on studies FDA deemed inadequate or not well-controlled. –Must be disseminated in its original state.

57. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed FDA Guidance: Good Reprint Practices Manner of Dissemination. –The information must be accompanied by : a copy of the approved product labeling; a comprehensive bibliography; and a publication representative of any articles reaching different conclusions. –Dissemination must take place separate and apart from promotional activities. For example: a reprint may not be physically attached to any promotional materials; sales representatives may not discuss the content; and reprints may not be distributed at promotional exhibitions or speaker programs.

58. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed FDA Guidance: Good Reprint Practices Disclaimers. –The article or text must bear permanent and prominent disclaimers. That the uses described in the information have not been approved or cleared by FDA The manufacturer's interest in the drug or medical device that is the subject of the journal reprint or reference text; Any author known to the manufacturer as having a financial interest in the product or manufacturer or who is receiving compensation from the manufacturer, along with the nature and amount of any such financial interest of the author Any person known to the manufacturer who has provided funding for the study; and All significant risks or safety concerns known to the manufacturer concerning the unapproved use that are not discussed in the journal article or reference text

59. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Unsolicited Requests When may off-label information be provided? –In response to an unsolicited request of a health care provider Best Practices: Unsolicited Requests –Make sure unsolicited –Keep the discussion objective, non-promotional in nature, and fairly balanced –Confine responses to the specific question asked, narrowing broad questions before responding –Clearly disclose that the device has not been cleared or approved for the discussed use –Document all responses to unsolicited requests

60. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Investor Communications What legal standard applies to information regarding investigational uses? –Labeling regulations apply, unless disclosure can be classified as purely business or a scientific exchange –Pre-approval off-label information, including study announcements, will be tolerated by FDA if segregated in the investor or news section of a website and/or distributed to the press concurrently with a newsworthy event

61. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Contracts for Future Generations The Law, or Some Rules of Thumb Can’t sign, or perhaps even negotiate, a contract where successful performance (e.g. delivery) would require FDA approval/clearance –Some believe this is true even if the contract conditions performance on FDA clearance or approval (penalty free) –Note that exempt devices or changes that do not require a new 510(k) would not be included Can’t pre-promote except in compliance with the rules for pre-approval communication

62. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Websites Who regulates medical device website content? –FTC and FDA Is a website labeling or advertising? –“FDA considers written, printed, or graphic material placed on a manufacturer’s or own label distributor’s Internet website to be labeling.” –“We suggest that you review your current labeling, including … any internet advertising ….” –Source: FDA, CDRH, Letter Re Medical Claims on Labeling and Promotional Materials of Infant Mattresses and Infant Positioners Distributed in the U.S. FDA uses conduct prohibited in any medium as a basis of enforcement actions related to websites –New intended use –Promotion of investigational devices

63. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Website Enforcement Examples Warning Letters to: –Laser Therapeutics (Despite disclaiming U.S. medical claims, website caused device to be adulterated and misbranded) –Medical Device Resource Corp (Claims made on website caused device to be adulterated) –Diomed (U.S. website headlines and links to industry and general media articles cause device to be misbranded and adulterated) –Ximed (Link to "gene therapy" page and pictorial caption implies unapproved use in gene therapy)

64. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed FDA Monitoring of Websites FDA watches web closely for off-label promotion From FDA’s page on buying medicines online:

65. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Best Practices: Websites Avoid discussion of investigational or OUS uses on sites targeting a US audience –Physical location of server hosting the site is irrelevant, accessibility is key – Use “gateway” page to select location –Indications only approved abroad must be segregated from the US site, with no links between them –Disclaimers are insufficient

66. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Best Practices: Websites Monitor linked sites for off-label/ unapproved information –“What you link becomes yours” –Provide notice that viewer is leaving your site –Observe the “two click” rule for off-label information –Avoid links to chat rooms or sites known to discuss off-label use of the product

67. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Trade Shows What standards apply to information disseminated at trade shows? –Labeling regulations apply FDA frequently cites companies for their trade show activities.

68. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Best Practices: Trade Shows Train marketing personnel extensively in permitted disclosures Consider having clinical personnel present to respond to questions that are off-label Maintain a separate space for international uses Control disclosures regarding pending 510(k)

69. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Scientific Meetings – Two Types “Controlled” - speakers under the control of the sponsor (e.g., employees, consultants) –Investigator meetings –Speaker training –Trade show booths “Supported” - speakers are not under the sponsor’s control but sponsor provides support for the program (speakers without employment/consultant relationships with the sponsor) –Sponsored CME

70. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Meetings – Controlled Communications Regulated as promotional material Remarks should: –Be consistent with intended use –Conform to rules applicable to unsolicited requests Also consider rules applicable to: –Dissemination of written materials –Appropriate locations –Interactions with healthcare professionals –Speaker agreements

71. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Meetings – Supported Communications Unregulated scientific exchange, unless sponsor is in a position to influence the presentation of information about its products In determining independence, FDA will consider: –Sponsor's control over content and speakers –Meaningful disclosure of sponsor support, relationships with speakers, regulatory status of any unapproved uses discussed –Focus of the program (e.g., on a single product or single company’s products when alternatives are available) –Relationship between provider and sponsor –Etc. in 1997 Guidance

72. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Trends in Enforcement FDA focus is on “low hanging fruit” –Trade show exhibits and booths –Website advertising and links –Broadcast and print advertising –Promotional materials FDA Creativity –Connection of off-label promotion to Medicaid or Medicare reimbursement claims (Parke- Davis)

73. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Trends in Enforcement OIG continues to investigate off- label promotion –Abbott –Amgen –Boston Scientific FCA actions have alleged off-label promotion –Cephalon ($425M) –Eli Lilly ($1.4B) –Pfizer ($2.3 B) State AG Investigations of off-label promotion are on the rise

74. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Compliance isn’t always easy www.mustreadblogs.blogspot.com

75. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Good Promotional Practices Many leading companies are developing their own GPPs Essentially a risk management tool—sets the company’s preferred path forward in a gray area Looked favorably upon by regulators if done well. Become the basis for training and auditing

76. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Part Five: Case Studies Topics Definition of Device/Intended Use Meetings Sales Scenarios Promotional Materials Actual Trial Question How far apart were the vehicles at the time of collision?

77. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Definition of Device/Intended Use Democracy used to be a good thing, but now it has gotten into the wrong hands. -Senator Jesse Helms

78. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Definitional Case Studies Which of the following are regulated as medical devices? 1.Popsicle stick 2.Exercise treadmill 3.Computer software for a standard PC. Doctors type in symptoms, and an algorithm suggests the most likely diagnosis. 4.An off-the-shelf modem that connects to a blood glucose monitor. The modem transmits data over the internet to the doctor’s office, so the doctor can stay informed. 5.A website on which a patient can enter information such as height, weight, family health history and existing medical conditions. The website makes recommendations for life style improvements such as diet, exercise and dietary supplements.

79. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Meetings Actual Trial Question Was it you or your brother that was killed in the war?

80. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Case Study - Meetings Speaker: Thought-leader physician who has a consulting agreement with the company Motivation: Speaking at CME for educational purposes. Content: Discussing an off label use of the generic category of devices that includes the manufacturer’s product Audience: Doctors attending CME Setting: Aspen Hotel Actual Trial Question Doctor, did you say he was shot in the woods? No, I said he was shot in the lumbar region.

81. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Case Study - Meetings Speaker: Company Medical Director Motivation: CME Seminar, education purpose, but an official company spokesman who gets paid partly based on stock performance Content: Primary remarks are on label, but an audience member asks about an off label use Audience: Physicians Setting: Aspen Hotel Actual Trial Question Were you acquainted with the deceased? Yes, sir. Before or after he died?

82. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Case Study - Meetings Speaker: Physician who serves as an investigator in a company-sponsored clinical trial Motivation: Publishes an article in a peer reviewed journal for prestige Content: The journal discusses an off label use for the company’s product under investigation. Audience: Physicians Setting: The journal is subscription based, so they get it through the mail. Actual Trial Question Do you know how far pregnant you are now? I’ll be three months on November 8. Apparently, then, the date of conception was August 8? Yes. What were you doing at that time?

83. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Sales Scenarios Actual Trial Question How far apart were the vehicles at the time of collision?

84. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Case Study – Sales Scenarios Background: Your joint replacement device is labeled for use in individuals 65 years and older while your competitor’s device is designed and labeled for a younger population. Scenario: By way of comparison with its device, your competitor is disseminating case studies demonstrating failures of your device when implanted in younger, more physically active patients. Is this a violation of: A. Lanham Act? B. FD&CA? C. FTC Act? D. State FD&C Acts? E. State Unfair Trade Practices Acts?

85. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Case Study – Sales Scenarios A peer reviewed journal article describes an independent clinical trial comparing on-label, lumbar spine uses of your bone screw device with your biggest competitor. Superior efficacy of your product is clearly demonstrated. In the introductory paragraph describing the devices, authors note in a single paragraph the off-label use of these devices in the cervical spine. Can you disseminate this article to prescribers?

86. Confidential For Internal Use Only Not To Be Distributed Arguing with a lawyer is like mud wrestling with a pig: after a while you realize that the pig actually enjoys it. Comments or Questions?