1. Engineering Computing and Informatics Engineering Informatics Group (EIG) Students: Charles Heenan (Law School), Jie Wang (CEE), David Liu (EE/CS), Jerome Lynch (CEE/EE), Shawn Kerrigan (CEE/CS), Gloria Lau (CEE/CS), Jim Cheng (CEE/CS), Bill Labiosa (CEE), Yang Wang (CEE), Arvind Sundarajan (EE), Urmi Holtz (Math/SCCM), Haoyi Wang (CEE/CS), Xiaoshan Pan (Arch/CS) Research Engineer: Jun Peng Consulting Faculty: Charles Han (Autodesk, Inc.)

2. 2 Distributed Engineering Services System Sensing, Monitoring and Control Scientific Computing Information Management and Retrieval Current Research Topics

3. 3 Current Research I. Scientific Computing Current Focus: Parallel, Distributed and Internet Computing Software Paradigms: SPMD, Task- and Component- based Computing,, …. Numerical Methods: Sparse Solvers, Generalized, Quadratic and Perturbed Eigenvalue Problems, …. Computational Engineering: Finite Element Computing, Linear and Nonlinear Problems, Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Device Simulation (Students: Urmi Holz, Jun Peng, Yang Wang) (Collaborators: Gene Golub, Ahmed Elgamal, Frank McKenna, Greg Fenves)

4. 4 Linear Solver, Eigensolver (Finite Element Analysis Core Program)

5. 5 Current Research II. Distributed Engineering Services (Mobile, Web and Ubiquitous Computing) Current Focus: Internet and Wireless Enabled Collaboration Middleware Infrastructure: Software Mediators, Communication Technologies, …. Service Integration: Access Language, Product and Process Modeling, …. Project and Workflow Management: Facility Design, Construction and Operations, …. (Students: David Liu, Jim Cheng, Pooja Trivedi) (Collaborator: Gio Wiederhold)

6. 6 Distributed Engineering Application Services Distributed Engineering Service and Integration Communication Devices Mediators (content and access), DBMS, Information Exchange and Software Integration (PSL, IFC, XML, SOAP,.NET)

7. 7 Current Research III. System Sensing, Monitoring and Control Current Focus: Wireless Structural Monitoring System Technologies: MEMS, Wireless Systems, Microprocessors, …. Data Processing and Communication: Embedded Computing, Synchronized and Asynchronized Communication, …. Engineering Applications: Structural Damage Monitoring, Damage Assessment and Prognosis, Structural Control…. (Students: Jerome Lynch, Arvind Sundarajan) (Collaborators: Anne Kiremidjian, Tom Kenny, Ed. Carryer, Chuck Farrar, Hoon Sohn, and others)

8. 8 Wireless Sensing Device Off the shelf components used Size is about 4”x4”x1.5” Component Cost is about $400

9. 9 Dynamic Vehicle Test

10. 10 Current Research IV. Engineering Information Management (Collaborators: Gio Wiederhold, Barton Thompson, Jim Leckie, Charles Han) Current Focus: E-Government, Regulatory Information Management and Compliance Disabled Access (ADAAG, Title 24) Environmental (40 CFR) Information Management: Document Management, Information Retrieval and Access, …. Public Access and Engineering Application Supports: Facility Planning, Design, Operations, Conformance Assistance …. (Students: Shawn Kerrigan, Gloria Lau, Charles Heenan, Bill Labiosa, Haoyi Wang, Xiaoshan Pan)

11. 11 Online Code Compliance Checking Virtual Simulation

12. 12

13. 13 REGNET: An Infrastructure for Regulatory Information Management and Compliance Assistance Kincho H. Law Prof., Civil and Env. Engr. Jim Leckie Prof., Civil and Env. Engr. Barton Thompson Prof., School of Law Gio Wiederhold Prof., Computer Science Shawn Kerrigan Bill Labiosa Gloria Lau Haoyi Wang Jie Wang Civil and Env. Engr. Pooja Trivedi Li Zhang Liang Zhou (former students) Computer Science Charles Heenan Researcher, Law Student Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305

14. 14 The Public and Scientific Problem Regulations are established to protect the public Regulations constrain businesses’ actions Many organizations participate to set and use regulations Interpretation of regulations is costly and inconsistent Regulations are voluminous, often incomplete, sometimes conflicting Regulations are written in natural language The objects and interests being regulated are often encoded Many sources of supportive documents – interpretative documents, guidelines, etc..

15. 15 Motivation The complexity, diversity, and volume of federal and state regulations: Require considerable expertise to understand Increase the risk of companies failing to comply with environmental regulations Hinder public understanding of the government How would IT help to make “applicable” regulations easily accessible? to assist parties involved in regulation compliance?

16. 16 REGNET Research Goals Research questions –What is an appropriate model for a information management system for compliance assistance? –How to build such a system –How to deal with the conflicting objectives? Research goal –Developing information management frameworks that can facilitate public access to regulations, improve the efficiency of regulation compliance and facilitate the compliance process.

17. 17 Repositories: Infrastructure for online repository of regulations and translating texts into processable form and facilitate access Access Tools: Access of the regulation text and related information Ontology Development: Formalize terms and meanings to help development of logical rules about relationships in the regulations and among the different regulations Integrated Access: Retrieval of regulations based on the content or relationships between the regulations Analysis Tools: To validate and improve the quality of the ontology and to check the content of regulations within a domain or across different domains of federal, state and local regulations. Compliance Checking Assistance: To develop the means to interface the regulations with usage. Research Tasks

18. 18 Establishing Concepts and Classification Structure Original Documents (pdf,html) Text Categorization (Semio) Concepts and Classification in Documents Documents with Concept Tags Document Program Concepts of Interests And Rules

19. 19 Home page ( http://eil.stanford.edu/regnet/)

20. 20 Establishing Classification Structures

21. 21 Classification Structures (EPA List of Extremely Hazardous Substances)

22. 22 Classification Structures (cont’d)

23. 23 Classification Structures (cont’d)

24. 24 Displaying Context using Semio

25. 25 Developed a hierarchical structure to organize documents Regulations structured using XML Methodology developed to classify documents for different purposes with a singled repository Included a variety of documents – guidelines, background information, etc… Developed a logic-based compliance assistance methodology and prototype Integrating compliance assistance with document repository Current Features of REGNET

26. 26

27. 27

28. 28 Document Repository and Access XML Regulation HTML Regulation Add Concepts Regulation Documents Semio XML Regulation With Concept Tags Parser Concept List

29. 29 Regulatory Compliance Assistance Shawn Kerrigan Engineering Informatics Group Stanford University

30. 30 Background Current state of compliance checking: Paper-based process Locating and interpreting the relevant regulations is complex, even with the help of supplementary information Small companies have difficulty conducting compliance checks due to lack of resources and knowledge Vision for future: Up-to-date regulations and compliance-checking assistance procedures available online Improved regulation and compliance-requirement transparency through clear presentation and linking

31. 31 Research Questions How can we make the information and rules more accessible? How can we represent the information and rules in environmental regulations in a computer interpretable format? How can we structure this information to assist with regulation compliance checking?

32. 32 General Approach Information Integration Formalization of meaning and relationships Regulation-centric Tie the information to the appropriate portion of the regulation

33. 33 Regulation Assistance System (RAS) Provides a unifying web interface for the regulation documents and meta-data Demonstrates the usefulness of XML structured regulation documents with meta- data Works with a logic-based compliance- checking assistance system to demonstrate web-based regulation services

34. 34 Regulation Parsing Need to transform plain text/PDF regulations into XML Can structure the XML to represent the hierarchical structure of the regulation

35. 35 HTML to XML Regulation Parsing XML Structured Document

36. 36 Regulation Parsing § 279.12 Prohibitions. (a) Surface impoundment prohibition. Used oil shall not be managed in surface impoundments or waste piles unless the units are subject to regulation under parts 264 or 265 of this chapter. Used oil shall not be managed in surface impoundments or waste piles unless the units are subject to regulation under parts 264 or 265 of this chapter.

37. 37 Adding Meta-Data to Regulations Regulation tagged with meta-data Add Legal Interpretation Reference Extraction Add Logical Interpretation Add Concepts Original XML document Document Program

38. 38 Parsing References PART 279—Standards For The Management Of Used Oil Subpart B – Applicability … § 279.12 Prohibitions. (a) Surface impoundment prohibition. Used oil shall not be managed in surface impoundments or waste piles unless the units are subject to regulation under parts 264 or 265 of this chapter. (b) Use as a dust suppressant. The use of used oil as a dust suppressant is prohibited, except when such activity takes place in one of the states listed in § 279.82(c). (c) Burning in particular units. Off-specification used oil fuel may be burned for energy recovery in only the following devices: (1) Industrial furnaces identified in § 260.10 of this chapter; (2) Boilers, as defined in § 260.10 of this chapter, that are identified as follows: (i) Industrial boilers located on the site of a facility engaged in a manufacturing process where substances are transformed into new products, including the component parts of products, by mechanical or chemical processes; (ii) Utility boilers used to produce electric power, steam, heated or cooled air, or other gases or fluids for sale; or (iii) Used oil-fired space heaters provided that the burner meets the provisions of § 279.23. (3) Hazardous waste incinerators subject to regulation under subpart O of parts 264 or 265 of this chapter. § 262.11 Used Oil Specification. …..

39. 39 (a) Surface impoundment prohibition. Used oil shall not be managed in surface impoundments or waste piles unless the units are subject to regulation under parts 264 or 265 of this chapter. Before: (a) Surface impoundment prohibition. Used oil shall not be managed in surface impoundments or waste piles unless the units are subject to regulation under parts 264 or 265 of this chapter. After: Parsing References Original XML document XML with Reference List Reference Extraction

40. 40 What is a “Concept”? Examples: –emission requirement –leaked hazardous substance –disposal of solvents –principal hazardous constituent Why are they useful? –identify similar regulations even when they do not reference each other –provide a “context” for the regulation provision

41. 41 Regnet Taxonomy

42. 42 Tagging with Concepts Used oil shall not be managed in surface impoundments or waste piles unless the units are subject to regulation under parts 264 or 265 of this chapter.

43. 43 XML Embedded Logic all _o (usedOil(_o) -> -(dustSuppressant(_o))). Rule logic represents the rules specified by the regulation: 40.CFR.279.12.b – Use as a dust suppressant: “The use of used oil as a dust suppressant is prohibited…” Option elements define the user interface: Is the used-oil used as a dust suppressant? (usedOil(oil1) & dust_suppressant(oil1)). (usedOil(oil1) & (-(dust_suppressant(oil1))). Control statements specify processing instructions for compliance-checking:

44. 44 XML-based Regulations Additional Input Files Interactive User Input Regulation Compliance Decision Logic input fileFound proof / no proof found RASweb Provides web interface Displays regulation information RCCsession Implements compliance checking procedure User inputResults / requested information RAS System Structure * Otter is an automated- deduction program developed by William McCune at Argonne National Laboratory Otter * Attempts to find proof by contradiction from input file

45. 45 Regulation Assistance System Demonstration Session Display regulations with meta-data Compliance example Non-compliance example Use of control elements Use of “I don’t know” to check multiple paths

46. 46 Summary Can decompose regulations into a structured XML document Adding rich meta-data about regulations enables more sophisticated interaction with the documents Automated assistance with environmental compliance-checking may be possible

47. 47 Similarity Analysis (Ms. Gloria Lau)

48. 48 Similarity analysis core Our goal –Suggest to the user a ranked list of related provisions –Sieve out below threshold pairs for conflict analysis Assumption: conflicting sections are similar  Measure  Similarity score f (secA, secU)  0..1  secA and secU are sections from two different regulation trees

49. 49 Preliminary results Based on concept match and similarity scoring ADAAG vs UFAS (Very similar documents) ADA 4.1.6(3)(d) Doors (i) Where it is technically infeasible to comply with clear opening width requirements of 4.13.5, a projection UFAS 4.14 Entrances 4.14.1 Minimum Number Entrances required to be accessible by 4.1 shall be part of an accessible route and shall comply

50. 50 UFAS 4.13 Doors 4.13.1 General … 4.13.9 Door Hardware Handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other operating devices on accessible doors shall have a shape … 4.13.12 Door Opening Force BS8300 12.5.4 Doors 12.5.4.1 Clear Widths of Door Openings 12.5.4.2 Door Furniture Door handles on hinged and sliding doors in accessible bedrooms should be easy to grip and ….

51. 51 Thank You! Questions?

52. 52 Discussion Questions How will such a system be useful? What are examples of how you could use such a system? What would make the system more useful? Do you have suggestions for people/fields we should contact that might be interested in what we are doing? How are the problems addressed currently dealt with? What are some existing technologies we should investigate? What are recommendations for issues we should address? What might be complementary tools to develop next?