1. Tania Briceno PhD Thesis, HEC MONTREAL Supervisors: Bernard Sinclair Desgagne Jean Pierre Reveret

2. Environmental Valuations Increased popularity: eg. Stern report (2006), MEA (2005), TEEB Report (2010) Need for greater interdisciplinarity (Vedeld 1994, Norton and Noonan 2007, Sagoff, 2010, Norgaard 2010) ◦ Complex systems oversimplified The ecological economics proposes alternative frameworks

3. Research Question Are key ecological principles, necessary for ensuring ecological resilience, being overlooked in valuation practices? And if so, what are the factors, underlying mechanisms and circumstances contributing to their oversight?

4. Ecology and Economics: Theoretical underpinnings Definition of environmental value Goals of each discipline (Polasky and Segerson (2009) ◦ Economics: Human welfare ◦ Ecology: Resilience Frameworks of study ◦ Ecology: Descriptive, non-linear, functional ◦ Economics: Normative, linear, output-oriented

5. Ecological Principles Ecosystems are context dependent and place-specific Ecosystems’ interconnected components and hierarchical levels Ecological functions and processes describe dynamics of ecosystems (Functional) biodiversity is necessary for ecosystem resilience Multiple equilibria and ecosystem thresholds determine functionality

6. The valuation process

7. The empirical analysis Randomly selected 200 valuation studies from the EVRI database Principles and methodological parameters turned into variables Meta-analyses through a correspondence analysis Frequency and extent of association is tested

9. RESULTS

10. Proportion of valuation methods

11. Type of ecosystem service

12. Frequency of Ecological Principle Consideration

13. Summary table for general correspondence analysis

14. Row profile table for Ecological Principles

17. Variance explained by methodological parameters

18. Conclusions and contributions Ecological characteristics like the existence of thresholds and emergent properties not actively included in valuation studies. Common focus on direct-use value, demand- based approaches, consumer preferences, and an almost exclusive use of monetary indicators. Improvements in the sophistication of demand models not matched with developments of the ecological production model. Potential for concepts like Fromm’s contributory value to include resilience.

19. Future research Explore more deterministic cause-and- effect relationships between the variables with more explanatory models. Case studies to look at processes and decision making frameworks. Weighting of the relative importance of the principles for resilience. Testing with relationship with other welfare considerations (social).