1. chemtech Dispersion of Contaminants in the Ocean Authors : André Luiz Fadel - Mechanical Eng., M. Sc. / Petrobras João Tornovsky - Chemical Eng. / Chemtech Flávio Guimarães - Chemical Eng., M. Sc. / Chemtech VIII International PHOENICS Users Conference Luxembourg, May 2000

2. chemtech Introduction I VIII International Phoenics Users Conference Increasing environmental awareness Risk assessment Consequence Analysis What-if analysis CFD x correlations Realistic approach

3. chemtech Introduction II VIII International Phoenics Users Conference Off-shore oil platforms Aqueous solution discharge - submerged header - salt water, light oil, heavy oil - high temperature Impact estimation Mitigation approach, if needed

4. chemtech Geometry and Grid VIII International Phoenics Users Conference flat ocean bed submerged fraction of the platform disregarded header influence in the near field symmetry plane power-law grid far field

5. chemtech Models VIII International Phoenics Users Conference Density: influence of composition and temperature Difusion: Set as a function of micro-mixing rate (EPKE) PRNDTL(phi) = - GRND

6. chemtech Models VIII International Phoenics Users Conference Sinking and Floating: Turbulence: stadard k- model Relaxation:

7. chemtech Boundary Conditions VIII International Phoenics Users Conference Stream Profile: Inlet - Velocity - Temperature - Salinity Stability condition: stratification / thermocline Moderate stratification was used Density Outlet - Pressure

8. chemtech Results I VIII International Phoenics Users Conference intermediate condition intermediate results

9. chemtech Results II VIII International Phoenics Users Conference Results agree with qualitative reports from literature No distinctive behaviour shown due to settling C1 C3 C5

10. chemtech Conclusions VIII International Phoenics Users Conference Reasonable quantitative agreement with experimental data Good qualitative behaviour Understanding of plume sensibility to operational and environmental conditions Results indicate safe operation