1. COUPLING EFFICIENCY FOR SINGLE MODE FIBERS AND FIBER-OPTIC ALIGNMENT AUTOMATION A PRESENTATION BY: Shubham Bhat skb25@drexel.edu

2. Gaussian Beam analysis Losses (Intrinsic and Extrinsic) Mechanical misalignments (Lateral, Longitudinal and Angular) Fiber-optic alignment automation Hill-climbing algorithm Drawbacks of hill-climbing algorithm A proposed novel feed-forward controlling algorithm Conclusion Overview

3. Gaussian Beam

4. Source wave function Modal wave function Coupling Efficiency = = Total efficiency Power- Coupling efficiency Source Efficiency

5. Coupling Efficiency Contd.

6. Losses LOSS Intrinsic losses NA effects Fiber-radius effects Index-Profile effects Core concentricity within cladding Fabrication tolerances Extrinsic losses Lateral Misalignment Longitudinal Misalignment Angular Misalignment Reflection losses

7. Longitudinal Misalignment

8. Angular Misalignment

9. Lateral Misalignment

10. Current technology 6 DEGREES OF FREEDOM

11. Array Waveguide Grating PLC

12. Fiber-Fiber Alignment Automation

13. Drawbacks of Hill-Climbing Cutting off at Local Maxima

14. Hill climbing Vs Smart Algorithm Hill climbing algorithm Smart Algorithm

16. Conclusion Longitudinal misalignment is less critical than angular and lateral misalignment. Dominant loss arises from lateral displacement in single mode fibers. Hill-climbing algorithm is time-consuming and has the potential drawback of missing the actual peak. A novel Algorithm using a feed forward controlling technique is proposed which takes care of the disadvantages of hill climbing method.