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NOTE: This presentation was not made for public use. Please do not use this presentations without my permission and the permission of each of the authors.

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Presentation on theme: "NOTE: This presentation was not made for public use. Please do not use this presentations without my permission and the permission of each of the authors."— Presentation transcript:

1 NOTE: This presentation was not made for public use. Please do not use this presentations without my permission and the permission of each of the authors of the photographs, quotes, and other materials that they contain. Thank you, Vicki Hughes

2 MUSCULAR SYSTEM Human Body: Pushing the Limits / Strength Assignment: CH 6 p223 #1-8

3 Muscle Functions 1.Movement 2.Posture 3.Joint Stability 4.Heat …and MUSIC? Muscle Music 1:17 http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=yZ15vCGuvH0

4 Muscle Fibers Cardiac: Only in heart. Striated/Branched/involuntary. Joined by intercalated discs. Contract at a steady rate. Skeletal: Attach to skeleton. Straited/Cigar-shaped/voluntary. Slow to fast contraction. Non-rhythmic. Smooth: Walls of visceral organs. No striations/fusiform/involuntary. Slow contraction. Rhythmic contractions. Cardio = heart 182

5 Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle 183

6 The Nerve-Muscle Connection

7 Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle 186 Muscle Structure and Function 3:15 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ren_IQPOhJchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ren_IQPOhJc

8 Micromovement of a Skeletal Muscle ACTIN MYOSIN Sliding Filament Theory Muscle Contraction http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP2904

9 Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle ACTIN MYOSIN

10 Micromovement of a Skeletal Muscle Muscle Structure and Function Interactive with 2 small quizzes http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/templates/student_resources/shared_resources/animations/muscles/muscles.html

11 ACTIN MYOSIN ACTIN

12 Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle as a Whole Graded Responses = different degrees of shortening Can be produced 2 ways: 1.Change of speed of muscle contraction. Muscle Twitches = nerve impulses are delivered too fast for the cells to relax between impulses – results are summed and contraction is stronger and smoother. TETANUS = when stimulation is so rapid no relaxation occurs and contractions are completely smooth and sustained. (not to be confused with the disease Tetanus which is a result of a bacterium found on rusty metal)

13 Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle as a Whole 2. Change of number of muscles cells stimulated. More cells stimulated = stronger contraction. fineartamerica.com

14 Getting it Done…Providing Energy for Muscle Contraction Three pathways for ATP generation : 1.Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate Phosphorylation = adding a phosphate CP = creatine phosphate wellsphere.com I NEED ATP! DIRECT PHOSPHORYLATION with CREATINE PHOSPHATE CP ADP Creatine ATP CP ADP Phospho = phosphate

15 Getting it Done…Providing Energy for Muscle Contraction Three pathways for ATP generation (cont.): 2.Anaerobic Respiration Glycolysis (splitting glucose) Lactic Acid Formation ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Glycogen Glucose Pyruvic Acid Lactic Acid ATP NO OXYGEN!

16 Getting it Done…Providing Energy for Muscle Contraction Three pathways for ATP generation (cont.): 3. Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis (splitting glucose) Kreb’s Cycle (36 ATP) (in mitochondrion) AEROBIC RESPIRATION Glucose Pyruvic Acid Fatty Acids ATP OXYGEN CO 2 mitochondrion H2OH2O ATP

17 Loss of Muscle Contraction Muscle Fatigue = when muscles are no longer able to contract when stimulated. Oxygen Debt = Cause of muscle fatigue due to prolonged muscle activity. The person cannot take in enough oxygen to supply the needs of the muscle cells. Muscles convert to Lactic Acid fermentation. mobovivo.com

18 Types of Muscle Contractions Isotonic Contractions = myofilaments slide, muscle shortens, movement occurs. Isometric Contractions = myofilaments try to slide but can’t, muscle stays longer, no movement occurs. Isotonic Isometric healthuse.com Isotonic or Isometric? scienceblogs.com

19 Muscle Tone = state of continuous partial contraction Result of systematic contraction of motor units throughout the muscle. dailymail.co.uk

20 Exercise and Muscles … Use it or Lose it! Unused muscles will atrophy (loose the ability to function). Types of Exercise: 1.Aerobic/Endurance Muscular Benefits: strength resistance to fatigue flexibility Increased blood supply More mitochondria Exercise http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=8DAEA47D-9574-4F33-A614-D582577A2357&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

21 Exercise and Muscles … Use it or Lose it! Types of Exercise: 2. Resistance Muscular Benefits: strength increase in size Increased cell size and connective tissue. thebsreport.wordpress.com Steroids http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=13D0EED0-337F-4960-8CCD- CBC1266A5107&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

22 Types of Body Movements Origin = attachment point of muscle to bone (or less moveable tissue structure). Insertion = attachment point of muscle to the moveable bone. abcbodybuilding.com

23 Types of Body Movements Refer to pg 169-170 Fig 6.13 Flexion Extention Hyperextension Abduction Adduction Rotation Circumduction Pronation Supination Inversion Eversion Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion

24 Types of Muscles Muscles can’t push – they can only pull as they contract. Therefore, one set of muscles works against another set. This relationship allows a wide variety of movements.

25 Types of Muscles Prime mover = most responsible for the movement Antagonist = opposes or reverses the movement Antagonist Prime mover

26 Types of Muscles Synergist = muscle that stabilizes muscles; not involved in causing movement.

27 Types of Muscles Fixator = muscle that stabilizes the origin of a prime mover; not involved in causing movement.

28 Naming Skeletal Muscles Muscles are named based on 7 criteria: 1.Direction of muscle fibers. Rectus = (straight) runs parallel to a line. Ex. Rectus femoris runs parallel to the femur. Oblique = (slanted) runs in a slant to a line. Ex. External Oblique

29 Naming Skeletal Muscles 2. Relative size of the muscle. Maximus = largest Ex. Gluteus maximus. Minimus= smallest Ex. Gluteus minimus. Longus = long Ex. Peroneus longus.

30 Naming Skeletal Muscles 3. Location of the muscle. Named for the bone with which they are associated. Ex. Temporalis and Frontalis. Temporalis Bos Frontalis No, this is HUMAN anatomy! Frontalis

31 Naming Skeletal Muscles 4. Number of Origins. Bi = 2 ; Tri = 3 ; Quad = 4 Ex. Biceps, Triceps, Quadriceps 5. Location of orgins and insertions Named for attachment sites. Ex. Sternocleidomastoid attaches at the sternum (sterno) and clavicle (cleido) and inserts on the mastoid process (mastoid)

32 Naming Skeletal Muscles 6. Shape of the muscle Named for a distinctive shape Ex. Deltoid (means triangular) 7. Action of the muscle Named for their action. Ex. Flexor (flexes) extensor (extends) adductor (adducts) Flexor

33 GROSS ANATOMY! Gross Anatomy = study of larger anatomical features

34 GROSS ANATOMY! Pages 217-219: Know Muscle Names and Actions Pages 217-219: Know Muscle Names and Actions Now let’s see how the muscles cause those movements.

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39 MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT During fetal development muscles are built in sections like earthworms and then nerves are added.

40 MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT Muscular Problems: Muscular Dystrophy Inherited disease Muscles enlarge due to fat and connective tissue deposits. Muscle fibers degenerate and atrophy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AF4D4TyE9NM

41 Any Questions?


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