2. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM RADIO------------------------------------------------GAMMA LIGHT PIGMENTS ABSORB AND REFLECT DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT CHLOROPHYLL IS A PIGMENT THERE ARE 3 FORMS: a, b, c

3. CHLOROPHYLL a CAPTURES AND USES RED AND VIOLET LIGHT THE BEST ACCESSORY PIGMENTS capture other wavelengths of light and pass this energy on into the electron transport system of photosynthesis Blue light can travel deeper into and around water molecules than other wavelengths.

4. Most contain the pigment chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis If they have flagella, they are called flagellates (phytoflagellates) Algae-like protists: –Euglenophyta –Chrysophyta –Bacillariophyta –Pyrrophyta

5. Resemble Zoomastigina Euglena –2 flagella out of pouch (gullet) –Euglenoid fashion of movement – distinctly animal-like –Red eyespot – finds sunlight- autotroph –Finds food in dark- heterotroph/saprophyte –No cell wall (plants have cell walls; animals don’t

6. Pellicle –Cell membrane and associated structures –Ribbon-like ridges spiral around surface under ridges are sacs and a set of microtubules  Reproduction  Binary fission

7. flagellum stigma nucleus chloroplast pellicle Contractile vacuole nucleolus reservoir flagellum nucleus nucleolus Contractile vacuole chloroplast photoreceptor Stored starch

8. -CHRYSO means golden Yellow-green algae, golden brown algae Have gold-green chloroplasts Have PECTIN not CELLULOSE in cell wall A few have both Store food as OIL not STARCH

9. REPRODUCE SEXUALLY + ASEXUALLY CAN FORM THREAD-LIKE COLONIES but MOST ARE SOLITARY

10. BACILLARIOPHYTA

11. DIATOMS RICH IN SILICON PHOTOSYNTHETIC

12. DINOFLAGELLATES MOST PHOTOSYNTHETIC MOST 2 FLAGELLA –ONE LIKE A BELT –ONE LIKE A TAIL They are Luminescent! ARMORED APPEARANCE REPRODUCE BY BINARY FISSION

13. REVIEW point: Photosynthesis makes sugar Sugars bound together in long chains (polymers) are forms of starch Starch can have many forms since the chains can be of different sizes 2 starches: Cellulose Pectin

15. Deplete water of nutrients causing Decay of all the waste depletes water of oxygen needed by fish

19. ABSORB BLUE LIGHT (the only color of light available at deeper depths of water) Red algae can be Pink Red Purple Black

27. 2 flagella eyespot chloroplast Pyrenoid – structure that synthesizes and stores starch CELL WALL DOES NOT CONTAIN CELLULOSE

29. The really interesting part comes as Spirogyra reproduces sexually. When two filaments are close together, the process starts. Cell outgrowths form connections between the filaments and a sort of ladder is formed. The contents of the cells in one filament will go through the connection tubes to the cells in the other filament. A zygospore is formed with a thick cell wall, round or oval and with a brownish colour. This conjugation process takes place especially between half May and half June.

37. DIFFICULT TO CLASSIFY

39. Begin life cycle as individual cells (look like amoebas)

40. Move together several centimeters Form reproductive structure –Fruiting body –Spores made by mitosis –New cells come from spores

42. SINGLE CELL WITH THOUSANDS OF NUCLEI FRUITING BODIES SPRING UP FROM IT –PRODUCE HAPLOID SPORES (MEIOSIS) SPORES GERMINATE INTO FLAGELLATED CELLS CELLS FUSE TO PRODUCE 2N AMEBOID CELLS

43. Oomycota – oomycetes water molds POTATO FAMINE http://botit.botany.wisc.edu /toms_fungi/m2001alt.html PHYTOPHTORA