1. THEORY OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING : HOW TO MAKE BIOMIMETIC INVENTIONS How to grip on ice? 1 Segmentation : Divide paw on several pads 3 Local quality : Develop sharpness locally 17 Another dimension: Make contact surface 3D 1 Segmentation: 8 Anti-Weight 18 Mechanical vibration 37 Thermal expansion Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to increase force on the ground without help of weight? ( see field 10/1 in TRIZ Matrix) Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to be sharp only when it is necessary? (To reduce surface contact area without loosing the adaptability and composition stability - fields 5/35 and 5/13 in TRIZ Matrix) Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to walk on points when you are heavy? (To reduce contact surface area without loosing weight - field 5/1 in TRIZ Matrix) The Russian system tool TRIZ was developed to enable engineers to solve problems using alien disciplines. We are discovering how to include biology in the system to make Biomimetic solutions available to technology. 1. What is the problem? Using TRIZ we designed the algorithm for transferring ideas from biology into engineering: 2. Uncover contradictions: 1.Problem definition: find the functional analogy 2.Problem understanding: uncover contradictions. 3. Compare biological and TRIZ-recommended solutions. 4. Build a bridge from nature to technology- try different combinations of natural and technological advice. 19 Periodic action 15 Dynamics 30 Flexible shells and thin films 2 Taking out 11 Prior cushioning 13 The other way round 39 Inert atmosphere Natures solution principles: (BIOTRIZ Matrix recommends) Engineering solutions (TRIZ matrix recommends) How to climb a tree? How to attach to a surface while moving? Retracted claw 19 Periodic action: 15 Dynamics 2 Taking out 4 Asymmetry 17 Another dimension 29 Pneumatics and hydraulics Extended claw 3. Compare biological and engineering solutions 4. Make a Biomimetic solution 1, 15, 17 Copying natural solutions: ice treads: Use intersected principles (1, 15, 17) + pure technical ones (2, 13, 29, 30) The universal wheel can be used as a conditional one with the tyres inflated for moving under normal road conditions. But when the surface is covered with ice or snow and is slippery, the tyre is deflated until the two lateral discs provided with teeth will grip the road surface. A boot provided with 2 layers: soft elastic and solid outsole. The hard steel spikes pass through these layers under the persons weight and grip the surface. In lifting the foot the elastic bottom is released and the solid outsole cleans the spikes of mud or snow. Self-cleaning gripping boots Universal wheel possessing traction on both solid and icy surface Dr. Olga Bogatyreva Dr. Nikolay Bogatyrev TRIZ project, CBNT

2. EXAMPLES OF BIOMIMETIC INVENTIONS LIVING PROTOTYPES BIOMIMETIC DESIGN Natures solution principles: (BIOTRIZ Matrix recommends) Engineering solutions (TRIZ matrix recommends) Flexible coupling Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to maximise use of energy if energy source is moving? ( see field 20/15 in TRIZ Matrix) Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to react keeping a stable construction and low force? ( see field 35/13 35/10 in TRIZ Matrix) Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to deliver more substance without loss of energy? ( see field 26/22 in TRIZ Matrix) Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to reduce friction (force) and drag a heavy thing? ( see field 10/2in TRIZ Matrix) Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to i ncrease force on the ground without help of weight? ( see field 10/1 in TRIZ Matrix) Heliotropism of sunflower 6 Universality 20 Continuity of useful action 25 Self-service 7 Nested doll 18 Mechanical vibration 25 Self-service 12 Equipotentiality 13 The other way around 14 Spheroidality – curvature 1 Segmentation 13 The other way around 18 Mechanical vibration 28 Substitution of mechanics Principles used in design: intersected 13, 25 + from technology 28 Trackball 15 Dynamics 30 Flexible shells and thin films 14 Spheroidality – curvature 30 Flexible shells and thin films 35 Phase transition 20 Continuity of useful action 31 Porous materials 25 Self-service 35 Phase transition 15 Dynamics 17 Another dimension Principles used in design: intersected 15, 30, 35 + from technology14, 17 Recommendations are absent 1 Segmentation 3 Local quality 17 Another dimension 1 Segmentation: 8 Anti-Weight 18 Mechanical vibration 37 Thermal expansion Anaconda:to lift the scales to move on the ground or to climb the tree Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to i ncrease force on the ground without use of energy (how to slip in one direction?) ( see field 10/19 in TRIZ Matrix) 10 Preliminary action 17 Another dimension 19 Periodic action 17 Another dimension 15 Dynamics Principles used in design: intersected 1, 15, 17 + from technology 10 Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to defend without losing energy? ( see field 31/22 in TRIZ Matrix) Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to defend without loosing substance? ( see field 31/23 in TRIZ Matrix) Technical Contradiction to resolve: How to defend a leaf without changing its area ? ( see field 31/5 in TRIZ Matrix) 3 Local quality 6 Universality 9 Preliminary anti-Action 1 Segmentation 3 Local quality 17 Another Dimension 2 Taking out 21 Rushing through 22 Blessing in disguise 35 Parameter changes 1 Segmentation 10 Preliminary action 24 Intermediary 17 Another dimension Monkey-puzzle tree - Araucaria Barbed tape Principles used in design: intersected 1, 17 + from technology 2,10 18 Partial or excessive action 39 Inert atmosphere 6 Universality 9 Preliminary anti-action Ratchet mechanism Dung Beetle Scarabaeus sacer L. Dr. Olga Bogatyreva Dr. Nikolay Bogatyrev TRIZ project, CBNT