1. Bell Work Explain the difference between primary and secondary sources.

2. An Era of Exploration

3. Objectives Students will identify the major eras and events in U.S. history through 1877, including colonization, revolution, drafting of the Declaration of Independence, creation and ratification of the Constitution, religious revivals such as the Second Great Awakening, early republic, the Age of Jackson, westward expansion, reform movements, sectionalism, Civil War, and Reconstruction, and describe their causes and effects.[1A] Students will identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America.[2A] Students will compare places and regions of the United States in terms of physical and human characteristics.[10B] Students will analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors on major historical and contemporary events in the United States.[10C]

4. Find your shoulder partner What do you know about Christopher Columbus?

5. True or False Columbus was the first one to come the Americas. There are several groups that probably visited the Americas before Columbus. The Vikings are probably the most famous. They came hundreds of years before Columbus.

6. How do we know for sure? The Vikings left detailed records, which stated that Leif Ericson reached the northern tip of North America in 1001. They called the area Vinland. We also have found archeological evidence, including Viking tools, to prove they were here. Archeologists unearthed several Viking artifacts in L'Anse aux Meadows, in Newfoundland.

7. Columbus had difficulty getting financed for his trip Columbus was convinced that there was a shorter route to the Asian spice trade. He thought he could sail west and get to Asia. Columbus went to the Portuguese government to ask for money, and they denied him funding. He then went to the King of Spain, and he said yes. Columbus was on his way.

8. True or False Everyone in Europe during this time period thought that the earth was flat. Contrary to popular belief, almost no one during Columbus’ day believed that the world was flat. A man named Galileo wrote a book several hundred years before that proved it.

9. In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue He had three ships: the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria (the Santa Maria was the biggest) At about 2 am on Oct. 12, someone on the ship shouted, “land, land.”

10. These are exact replicas of the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. They were sailed from Spain to America in 1992 to mark 500 years since Columbus’ voyage. They are on permanent display in Corpus Christi, Texas. They actually are much smaller than you would think! The Santa Maria was the largest at 75 ft. long.

11. Where did Columbus think he was? So what did he call them?

12. Columbus Returns to Spain Columbus went back to Spain, and brought the king some gold. He was given many awards, and is even given permission to start a colony. Columbus was a much better explorer than a governor. The people quickly throw him out of office. Columbus died in 1506 still thinking that he reached India.

13. The Columbian Exchange Eventually people figured out that this was not India. This was a New World. People from all over Europe started to travel to this new land. During these travels, the “Indians” and Europeans traded goods and ideas. This was known as the Columbian Exchange

14. What was exchanged? The Native Americans gave Europeans corn, tobacco, beans, tomatoes, and cocoa just to name a few. Europeans gave Native Americans wheat, sugar, bananas, horses, cows, and chickens. Not every part of the Columbian exchange was good. Europeans also “exchanged” diseases like small pox and typhus.

16. Notebook Assignment On the back of your page… 1.At the top, define the phrase “Columbian Exchange.” 2.Draw and color a picture that represents “Columbian Exchange”