1. Chapter 6
Work, Energy, Power

2. Work
The work done by force is defined as the product of the magnitude of the displacement and the component of the force parallel to the displacement
W = F∙d∙cosθ
The unit of work is the newton-meter, called a joule (J)
Work is a scalar

3. Work q
F cos q

4. Energy Energy Mechanical energy Types of Energy The ability to do work
Sources of energy?
Mechanical energy
energy due to position or movement.
Types of Energy
Kinetic Energy = “Motion Energy”
Potential Energy = “Stored Energy”

5. Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy is the energy possessed by an object because it is in motion.
What would the unit be?
KE = ½ mv2
(Translational Kinetic energy)

6. Work Energy Theorem
The amount of kinetic energy transferred to the object is equal to the work done. DKE = W
Many of the problems can be worked from here
Ex:
How much force is required to stop a 1500kg car traveling 60.0 km/hr in a distance of 20m?

7. Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy is the energy possessed by an object because of a gravitational interaction.
Product of it’s weight and its height above some reference level.
PEG = mghy

8. Properties of Gravitational Potential Energy
Arbitrary Zero Point
You need to select a zero level
Independent of Path
All that matters is the vertical height change
Example: which has more potential, which requires more work

9. Elastic Potential Energy
Energy stored elastically by stretching or compressing.
Examples?

10. Springs
The more you compress or stretch them, the more force you need to stretch or compress.
Hooke’s Law
Fspring=k x
k is the spring constant which is a measure of stiffness
x is the displacement from equilibrium
P.E. spring= ½ k x2
Practice problem

11. Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Energy can neither be created or destroyed, but only transformed from one form to another.
Total initial energy = Total final energy
Works for systems with no losses (friction, air resistance, etc.)

12. Problem Solution Guidelines
Determine that energy can be conserved (no losses)
Pick the zero level for potential energy
Pick two interesting places in the problem
Write kinetic and potential energies at these places
Conserve energy
(KE + PE)1 = (KE + PE)2

13. Example
If a boulder is pushed off of a 15.0 m high cliff by Wile E. Coyote, and the road runner is 1.50 m tall, find the velocity of the boulder when it reaches the road runners head.

14. Forces Work and Energy
Conservative forces- work done by these forces is independent of the path
Examples: gravity, elastic, electric
Non-conservative forces- work done by these forces is dependant upon the path
Examples: friction, air resistance

15. Law of conservation with dissipative forces
Dissipative forces- forces that reduce the total mechanical energy of a system
Example: friction (loss to thermal energy)
Swinging pendulum of pain demo.
In real situations
T.E.= K.E.+P.E+ Energy lost to n.c. Forces
WNC= ΔKE+ ΔPE
-Ffriction d = ΔKE+ ΔPE
Example 6-15 pg 168

16. Power Power is the rate at which work is done.
The unit of power is a joule per second, called a Watt (W).
1hp = 746 Watts

17. Example
A 70.0 kg football player runs up a flight of stairs in 4.0 seconds while training. The vertical height of the stairs is 4.5 m.
What is the power output of the player in W & hp
How much energy was required to climb the stairs?