1. 1 Federation of European Explosives Manufacturers 155th Meeting of the Executive Committee on 17 October 2014 in Palma, Hotel Melia Victoria

2. 2 Opening of the Meeting by the President Bertrand Pougny

3. 3 List of Participants Mr. Bertrand Pougny, EPC Group, France – President Mr. Ulf Sjöblom, Forcit Group, Finland - Vice President Mr. Daniel Antille, SSE Group, Switzerland – Past President Mr. Jeff Court, Orica Group, Norway Mr. Gianni Facchinetti, Pravisani, Italy Mr. Otta Greben, Austin Detonator Group, Czech Rep. Mr. Vicente Huelamo, Maxam Group, Spain In attendance: Hans Meyer, FEEM, Belgium

4. 4 2.) Compliance with European Competition Law As an Association, FEEM operates in strict compliance with European competition laws. Respect for these laws is a core value applying to all FEEM activities. All members of this Committee have been informed by the Secretary General about prohibited discussion topics which apply not only during meetings but also to social gatherings before and after meetings. By signing the participation form, the delegates declare their adherence to the Competition Compliance Programme and agree to comply with Competition Law.

5. 5 Compliance with European Competition Law (cont.) Very clearly: You are not allowed to discuss or exchange information which is not in conformity with competition legislation, including e.g. on: 1. Prices 2. Production details 3. Transportation rates 4. Market procedures

6. 6 155th Meeting of the Executive Committee 3. AGENDA 1. Opening of the Meeting by the President 2. Compliance with the European and National Competition Laws and Regulations 3. Agenda and Approval of the Agenda 4. Secretary General’s Report with in particular a) Latest developments with European Explosives Legislation i.New Directive 2014/28/EU i.CLP Up – Date ii.Globally harmonized standard for explosives security markings

7. 7 155th Meeting of the Executive Committee 3. AGENDA (cont.) 4.Secretary General’s Report with in particular a) Latest developments with European Explosives Legislation iii.Lead tetroxide/lead monoxide, situation as per September 2014 iv.The Color-Coding of Explosives v.Obligation of End-Users b) Explosives Incidents 5. Any other business a) “Membership application” by Hervé de Saint-Pierre to the Executive Committee 6. Date, place and time of the next meeting

8. 8 Meeting of the Executive Committee Item 3: Approval of the Agenda Do I find your agreement to this Agenda?

9. 9 Item 4: Secretary General’s Report

10. 4.a.1: DIRECTIVE 2014/28/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 February 2014 Item 4 Secretary General’s Report

11. 11 This Directive incorporates a number of other Directives and Regulations such as: 1. 93/15, 2. 2008/43, 3. 3. 2004/57, 4. 4. 765/2008, 5. 5. 768/2008, 6. 6. 96/82, 7. 7. 2013/29, 8. 8. 91/477 and others, dealing with explosives and pyrotechnical articles. DIRECTIVE 2014/28/EUDIRECTIVE 2014/28/EU – CIVIL EXPLOSIVES DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE 2014/28/EU

12. 12 This is the new “Bible” for the Explosives Industry! What is covered by the new Directive? All explosives according to the definitions based on the definition of such products as set out in the United Nations recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods (Orange Book, Chap. 2.0). Directive 2014/28

13. 13 What is not covered? Directive 2014/28 (a) Explosives in accordance with national law by the armed forces or the police (a) Pyrotechnic articles (a) Ammunition

14. 14 Major emphasis is focused on: 1. 1. Obligations of manufacturers, such as – –When placing their explosives on the market or when using them for their own purposes, manufacturers shall ensure that they have been designed and manufactured in accordance with the essential safety requirements. – –Where compliance of an explosive with the applicable requirements has been demonstrated by that procedure, manufacturers shall draw up an EU declaration of conformity and affix the CE marking. Directive 2014/28

15. 15 Manufacturers shall keep the technical documentation and the EU declaration of conformity for 10 years after the explosive has been placed on the market. Directive 2014/28

16. 16 Directive 2014/28 Manufacturers shall ensure that explosives which they have placed on the market are accompanied by instructions and safety information in a language which can be easily understood by end-users, as determined by the Member State concerned. Such instructions and safety information, as well as any labelling, shall be clear, understandable and intelligible.

17. 17 The other articles regulate the obligations of Authorized representatives Importers Distributors This group shall be considered like a manufacturer for the purposes of this Directive and they shall be subject to the obligations of the manufacturer, where he places an explosive on the market under his name or trade mark or modifies an explosive already placed on the market in such a way that compliance with this Directive may be affected. Directive 2014/28

18. 18 The Directive also deals with the qualification of the conformity assessment body (NB such as LOM, Ineris, BAM etc.) in Chap. 4, Art. 2, e.g. 1. their personnel shall carry out the conformity assessment activities with the highest degree of professional integrity and requisite technical competence. 2. a conformity assessment body shall have at its disposal the necessary personnel with technical knowledge and sufficient and appropriate experience to perform the conformity assessment tasks. Directive 2014/28

19. 19 3. The personnel responsible for carrying out the conformity assessment tasks shall have the following: (a) sound technical and vocational training covering all the conformity assessment activities in relation to which the conformity assessment body has been notified; (b) satisfactory knowledge of the requirements of the assessments they carry out and adequate authority to carry out those assessments. Directive 2014/28

20. 20 Conformity assessments shall be carried out in a proportionate manner, avoiding unnecessary burdens for economic operators. Conformity assessment bodies shall perform their activities taking due account of the size of an undertaking, the sector in which it operates, its structure, the degree of complexity of the product technology in question and the mass or serial nature of the production process. Directive 2014/28

21. 21 Union market surveillance and control of explosives entering the Union market Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that explosives may be placed on the market only if, when properly stored and used for their intended purpose, they do not endanger the health or safety of persons. Directive 2014/28

22. 22 MARKET SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITIES Where the market surveillance authorities of one Member State have sufficient reason to believe that an explosive presents a risk to the health or safety of persons, or to property or the environment, they shall carry out an evaluation in relation to the explosive concerned covering all relevant requirements laid down in this Directive. The relevant economic operators shall cooperate as necessary with the market surveillance authorities for that purpose. Directive 2014/28

23. 23 MARKET SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITIES Where the relevant economic operator does not take adequate corrective action, the market surveillance authorities shall take all appropriate provisional measures to prohibit or restrict the explosive’s being made available on their national market, to withdraw the explosive from that market or to recall it. Directive 2014/28

24. You can find the complete text of the Directive on our home-page or down-load it from the EU web-side: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content Directive 2014/28

25. Any Questions and/or comments? Directive 2014/28

26. 26 4.a.2: CLP (GHS) - UPDATE (The classification, labelling and packaging of chemical substances and mixtures) (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals)

27. 27 New Pictograms

28. 28 The new compliance deadline for explosive mixtures will be 1 June 2015. The CLP Regulation will ultimately replace the current rules on classification, labelling and packaging of substances (Directive 67/548/EEC) and preparations (Directive 1999/45/EC). Directive 67/548/EECDirective 1999/45/ECDirective 67/548/EECDirective 1999/45/EC CLP UP-DATE

29. 29 CLP Background The production and use of chemicals is fundamental to all economies all over the world. However, it is also recognized that chemicals pose risks that should be indicated throughout the supply chain. Many countries have developed systems for providing information on hazardous properties and control measures of chemicals aimed at ensuring their safe production, transport, use and disposal. Yet, those systems are currently not always compatible with each other and often require multiple labels and Safety Data Sheets for the same product.

30. 30 CLP BACKGROUND Consequently, companies involved in international trade need to follow multiple, sometimes differing regulations regarding hazard classification and labelling depending on where they do business and users may see inconsistent label warnings and Safety Data Sheets for the same chemical.

31. 31 CLP The CLASSIFICATION and LABELLING of explosive mixtures are changing on 1 June 2015! New PICTOGRAMS with a white background are replacing the ORANGE ONES in the EU. From 1 June 2015 companies are required to classify and label both substances and mixtures according to the CLP Regulation. New PICTOGRAMS with a white background are replacing the ORANGE ONES in the EU. From 1 June 2015 companies are required to classify and label both substances and mixtures according to the CLP Regulation. Information on the CLP pictograms and on the label is available on the European Chemical Agency website (ECHA). Information on the CLP pictograms and on the label is available on the European Chemical Agency website (ECHA). European Chemical Agency website (ECHA).European Chemical Agency website (ECHA).

32. 32 CLP - GHS - Overview (I) – The European Union has adopted the UN-developed system „GHS“, which stands for „Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals“. – With GHS, globally harmonized criteria have been created for the classification and labelling of chemicals. GHS wants to ensure internationally comparable high standards for health and consumer protection, occupational health and safety, and environmental protection. – GHS regulates... criteria for the classification of physical, toxicological and criteria for the classification of physical, toxicological and environmental relevant properties... classification and labeling... classification and labeling... harmonized hazard communication... harmonized hazard communication... (e.g. harmonized label statements and harmonized safety data sheets)... of chemicals.

33. 33 GHS - Overview (II) – GHS affects manufacturers, suppliers, and users of chemicals – The global implementation of GHS started during 2008. The registration phase of REACH, the uniform chemical law applicable within the EU, also began in 2008. – Because of the numerous interconnections between GHS and REACH (CLP), the European Commission has scheduled the implementation of the two regulations to follow each another in quick succession. – The implementation of GHS is progressing at different places around the world. In many Asian countries, for example, GHS has already been introduced.

34. 34 Geographical Limits of GHS

35. 35 GHS - Current Status (September 2014) Transport of dangerous goods planned,Other sectors planned Transport of dangerous goods implemented,Other sectors planned Transport of dangerous goods implemented,Other sectors implemented ArgentinaCzech RepublicJapanNigeria Slovenia AustraliaDenmarkNorwaySouth Africa AustriaEcuadorLatviaParaguaySpain BelgiumEstoniaLiechtensteinPeruSweden BoliviaFinlandLithuaniaPhilippinesSwitzerland BrazilFranceLuxembourgPolandThailand Brunei, DarussalamGambiaMadagascar Implementation by the national authorities

36. 36 GHS - Current Status (September 2014) Transport of dangerous goods planned,Other sectors planned Transport of dangerous goods implemented,Other sectors planned Transport of dangerous goods implemented,Other sectors implemented PortugalUnited Kingdom BulgariaGermanyMalaysiaRepublic of Korea United States of America CambodiaGreeceMaltaRomaniaUruguay CanadaHungaryMauritiusRussian Federation Viet Nam ChileIcelandMexicoSenegalZambia ChinaIndonesiaMyanmarSerbia ColombiaIrelandNetherlandsSingapore CyprusItalyNew ZealandSlovakia Laos Implementation by the national authorities

37. 37 REACH / GHS - Timeline Substance: Classification in SDS Labeling Mixture: Classification in SDS Labeling *) Also: CMR-Substances ≥ 1 t/a/LE, R50/53-Substances ≥ 100 t/a/LE Dangerous preparations Directive Substance Directive > 1000 t/a/LE *) 100 – 1000 t/a/LE 1 – 100 t/a/LE Pre-registration REACH Transition period Registration process 01.06.200701.12.200801.12.201001.06.201301.06.201501.06.2018 GHS GHS-regulation Dangerous preparations Directive GHS-regulation ← ← ← ← ← means: former use of GHS possible

38. 38 GHS - What essential changes does GHS involve? 1.GHS introduces globally harmonized criteria for the classification of physical, toxicological, and environmental relevant properties. 2.GHS establishes globally harmonized criteria for hazard communication. In the overview, this relates to the introduction of new or modified: HAZARD CLASSES, HAZARD CATEGORIES, HAZARD PICTOGRAMS, SIGNAL WORDS, HAZARD STATEMENTS, PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS 3. GHS offers the opportunity to bring product safety to a high level all over the world. GHS will thus contribute to improving measures for protecting human health and the environment on a global scale.

39. 39 GHS EXAMPLES - NEW LABELLING ELEMENTS SIGNAL WORD The signal word on the label gives information about the relative hazard level of a substance or mixture and alerts the reader to a potential hazard. HAZARD PICTOGRAM Square set on a point, Red border, White background, Black symbols.

40. 40 Before: Hazard symbols according to directive 67/548/EEC, Annex II Gases no own Symbol CMR no own Symbol Now: Hazard pictograms according to directive EC No. 127272008, Annex V GHS – Hazard pictograms

41. 41 GHS - Hazard statement 64 R-Phrases  62 Hazard Statements (H) 24 European Hazard Statements (EUH) A hazard statement is a phrase, assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature / intrinsic property of a hazardous product as well as the hazard level. Hazard statement group H200 – Unstable Explosive 2 Physical hazards 3 hazards 4 all hazards Sequence in the group e.g. Hazard statement

42. 42 GHS - Precaution statement 54 S-Phrases  136 Precaution statements (P) A precautionary statement is a phrase (and/or pictogram) that describes the recommended measures that should be taken to prevent / minimize adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous product. Precaution statement group P201 – Obtain special instructions before use. 1 General 2 Prevention 3 Response 4 Storage 5 Disposal Sequence in the group e.g. Precaution statement

43. 43 Sample Label

44. 44 GHS – Statements for Explosives The statements for explosives can be taken from this list:

45. 45 TYPICAL SAMPLE FOR SMALL DIAMETER NG - EXPLOSIVE

46. 46 SAFETY DATA SHEETS SAFETY DATA SHEETS Safety data sheets are the main tool for ensuring that manufacturers and importers communicate enough information along the supply chain to allow safe use of their substances and mixtures. NOTE: THERE IS A NEW FORMAT NOW! CLP Up-date

47. Any Questions and/or comments? CLP - Update

48. 4.a.3) GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES’ SECURITY MARKING

49. 49 GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS At our previous meeting you have been informed that the Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME) is going to transmitted a proposal to “GLOBALLY HARMONIZE THE STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS” to the “Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods” (in short: UN-ECE* WP15) at the forty- sixth session in Geneva on 1 – 9 December 2014 *Economic Commission for EuropeEurope

50. 50 GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS SUMMARY In their paper, for certain explosive devices and substances, IME seeks to establish a globally harmonized format for explosives security markings by adding a new Section 1.4.4 to Chapter 1.4 of the Model Regulations (Orange Book / ADR).

51. 51 GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS Chapter 1.4 Security provisions (Orange Book, page 41) –1.4.1 General provisions –1.4.2 Security training –1.4.3 Provisions for high consequence dangerous goods –1.4.4 Globally harmonized format for explosives security markings

52. 52 INTRODUCTION: At the July 2013 session of the Sub-Committee IME discussed that there is a critical need for successful tracing of recovered explosives, and that the placement of marks on articles and substances of Class 1 based on a globally harmonized marking format would be a critical component of successful tracing globally. GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS

53. 53 The Working Group on Explosives (EWG) agreed that a globally harmonized format for marking, most likely based on the European Union format, might be worthwhile. The Sub- Committee agreed with the EWG and encouraged IME to submit a formal proposal. GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS

54. 54 At the forty-fifth session in May 2014 of the Sub- Committee, a formal proposal was submitted by IME (working paper ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/2014/5 (2014/5). Several EWG-experts supported the proposal; however, several questions of principle were raised, that IME had not addressed in 2013/4. It was suggested that IME further investigate those questions of principle and address them in an improved proposal at the next session of the Sub- Committee, which will be in December 2014. GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS

55. 55 DISCUSSION It is well known that many countries and law enforcement agencies desire to have explosives uniquely identified to facilitate their traceability in the event of loss or theft, or for security purposes. When present, such security markings would assist law enforcement and government officials to determine from where confiscated, discovered, and/or recovered explosives were acquired. Establishing from where in the chain of custody such explosives were acquired may assist these officials in identifying those who may have illicitly obtained such explosives and may aid in reducing the availability of such explosives, thus increasing the overall security of the world from attacks using explosive articles and/or substances. GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS

56. 56 Indeed, within the European Union, Directive 2008/43/EC mandates such a marking system. Other countries have also mandated, or have under consideration, requirements for marking, serialization and/or traceability of explosives. These include: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Kazakhstan, Peru, Russia, and the USA. GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS

57. 57 The result is a proliferation of disparate systems utilizing differing formats of marking for traceability. These disparate systems create unintended consequences. Such disparate systems undermine the ability of countries to trace products that illegally cross national boundaries, needlessly complicate efforts of manufacturers to identify, maintain inventories and record individual lots that are destined for the different countries, and mean that the same marking could have different meanings in different countries defeating the purpose for the marks. GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS

58. 58 IME proposes to globally standardize such security markings into a harmonized format so that, when marks are used, interpretation of those markings can be done quickly and efficiently, enabling law enforcement officials to advance their investigations without undue delays. Since almost all Class 1 articles and substances must at some time be transported, the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, in the form of the Model Regulations, appears to be the most appropriate instrument to enable such harmonized identification information to be adopted universally. GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS

59. 59 The structure proposed by IME recognizes that the key information for traceability is the name and location of the manufacturer of the product and a code that can be used to uniquely identify the individual explosive item. This proposal only deals with the format of such a marking and does not advocate any physical or chemical modification of the explosive material contained in the product (chemical or microscopic identifiers or taggants). GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS

60. 60 GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS The IME’s proposal is based on the harmonized system of the European Commission Directive 2008/43/EC (as amended by Directive 2012/4/EU), which is believed to be the most commonly used marking format. Much of global industry has already adopted this format for transport to, within, and through the European Union. Since the proposed marking format simply extends the country identifier beyond that of the EU (e.g. acc. to ISO3166(2) code: US for USA; AU for Australia; IN for India etc., it is believed that such a format would have no impact on markings already being used within the European Union.

61. 61 The US explosives’ industry hopes, that those countries outside of the European Union that have already mandated security marking requirements will authorize the proposed format as an acceptable alternative to that which they have already mandated. Additionally, it is hoped that those countries planning to mandate such marking will accept the proposed format as their mandated format or at least as an acceptable alternative. The USA’s Bureau Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) has already accepted the EU-based format as an alternative for use in that country. Additionally, Brazil has accepted the format on a case-by-case basis. GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS

62. 62 PROPOSAL TO THE NEXT WP 15 MEETING: The Sub-Committee is requested to add a note to Table 1.4.1 in Chapter 1.4 of the Model Regulations directing the reader to the provisions of a new Section 1.4.4 to be added to Chapter 1.4. The proposed note is shown in “Amendment 1” in Annex 1. Further, the Sub-Committee is requested to a add a new section 1.4.4 to Chapter 1.4 of the Model regulations describing the globally harmonized explosives security marking format as shown in “Amendment 2” in Annex 1. GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS

63. Any Questions and/or comments? GLOBALLY HARMONIZED STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES SECURITY MARKINGS

64. 64 4.a.4: LEAD AZIDE SITUATION AS PER SEPTEMBER 2014

65. 65 Lead Oxides – Latest Developments There has been numerous correspondence in the past years between FEEM, ECHA, ILA, national NB and the Commission concerning the handling of lead and its derivates in the detonator industry. However, for formal reasons there was no way to avoid that these substances appeared on the Candidate List. During the REACH registration and evaluation process more than 100.000 chemicals in use in the EU have been registered. Of these only 3.000 have been tested and over 800 are known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction and are classified as SVHC, because of their potential negative impacts on human health or the environment. All of the Lead Derivates are in the last category. Therefore, these are listed in the Annex 1 of the Dangerous Substances Directive = Candidate List (now Annex VI of the CLP Regulation). Dangerous Substances DirectiveCLP Regulation Dangerous Substances DirectiveCLP Regulation Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

66. 66 Lead Oxides – Latest Developments 21 lead compounds were included on the candidate list at the end of 2012 in addition to the six lead compounds that were already listed, 27 in total. The Member State Committee will soon be debating the proposals by ECHA for compounds to be included in the 6th Annex XIV Recommendation. Although volumes of some lead compounds manufactured in the EU are relatively high (automotive, glass, paint) the use in Explosives and Pyrotechnics is very small (<50t/a). FEEM believe that REACH Authorisation would not be the most efficient Risk Management Option for reasons of effectiveness and proportionality. Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

67. 67 The PUBLIC CONSULTATION on the 21 substances proposed by ECHA to be placed on the 6th priority list will be delayed until 1 September 2014. The PUBLIC CONSULTATION WILL LAST FOR THREE MONTHS AND WILL END 30 NOVEMBER 2014. The consultation will focus on two aspects: 1. Information on USES AND RESPONSE TO PRIORITISATION, which will be assessed by ECHA for their recommendation, and 2. additional SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFORMATION which will be transmitted to the Commission. The latter, will help the Commission gain more information on the impacts of authorisation on the European economy before making any final decisions on which substances will be added to Annex XIV (authorisation list). The PUBLIC CONSULTATION on the 21 substances proposed by ECHA to be placed on the 6th priority list will be delayed until 1 September 2014. The PUBLIC CONSULTATION WILL LAST FOR THREE MONTHS AND WILL END 30 NOVEMBER 2014. The consultation will focus on two aspects: 1. Information on USES AND RESPONSE TO PRIORITISATION, which will be assessed by ECHA for their recommendation, and 2. additional SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFORMATION which will be transmitted to the Commission. The latter, will help the Commission gain more information on the impacts of authorisation on the European economy before making any final decisions on which substances will be added to Annex XIV (authorisation list). REACH - PUBLIC CONSULTATION

68. 68 Who will be affected? Businesses may be affected in a number of ways when a substance is placed on Annex XIV. Those businesses who use a substance (or a mixture containing a substance) that is listed on Annex XIV will no longer be allowed to use it after the sunset date unless they are covered by an authorization (or the uses are exempt from authorization). Some businesses may choose to discontinue manufacture and/or use rather than apply for authorization and those that do apply may have their applications rejected. This could mean that a substance or mixture you use is no longer available.

69. 69 Howare authorisations granted? Where authorisation is required for a given use,companieswill need toapply to ECHA for that authorisation and pay a (non-refundable)fee. Applications may bemade by manufacturers, importers or downstreamusers andmay be made by oneorseveral applicants. Applicationsmay cover one substance ora group ofsubstances(whereall the substances in the group share certainsimilar properties)and may be for one orseveral uses. Joint applications and applicationscoveringmore than one substance will cost less overall thanmakingseparate applicati ons. Howare authorisations granted? Where authorisation is required for a given use,companieswill need toapply to ECHA for that authorisation and pay a (non-refundable)fee. Applications may bemade by manufacturers, importers or downstreamusers andmay be made by oneorseveral applicants. Applicationsmay cover one substance ora group ofsubstances(whereall the substances in the group share certainsimilar properties)and may be for one orseveral uses. Joint applications and applicationscoveringmore than one substance will cost less overall thanmakingseparate applicati ons. Howare authorisations granted? Where authorisation is required for a given use,companieswill need toapply to ECHA for that authorisation and pay a (non-refundable)fee. Applications may bemade by manufacturers, importers or downstreamusers andmay be made by oneorseveral applicants. Applicationsmay cover one substance ora group ofsubstances(whereall the substances in the group share certainsimilar properties)and may be for one orseveral uses. Joint applications and applicationscoveringmore than one substance will cost less overall thanmakingseparate applicati ons Howare authorisations granted? Where authorisation is required for a given use,companieswill need toapply to ECHA for that authorisation and pay a (non-refundable)fee. Applications may bemade by manufacturers, importers or downstreamusers andmay be made by oneorseveral applicants. Applicationsmay cover one substance ora group ofsubstances(whereall the substances in the group share certainsimilar properties)and may be for one orseveral uses. Joint applications and applicationscoveringmore than one substance will cost less overall thanmakingseparate applicati ons STANDARD FEES FOR APPLICATIONS FOR AN AUTHORISATION UNDER ARTICLE 62 OF REGULATION EC 1907/2006 Base fee EUR 53 300 Base feeEUR 53.300 Additional fee per substanceEUR 10.660 Additional fee per useEUR 10.660 Additional fee per applicantEUR 39.975

71. 71 Lead Azide Situation as per September 2014

72. 72 Lead Oxides – Latest Developments FEEM thinks that the restriction of use of Lead- Tetroxide is approaching (at least in Europe) and we have to send our comments to ECHA in order to show the joint position of FEEM members. At the WG meeting in Lisbon in October 2014 we discussed this topic. We are preparing a Guidance to ECHA for the Public Consulation before 30 November based on the following guidelines: 1. 1. We insist on the formal reasons (low tonnage, well controlled manufacturing processes, good H&S results etc) already communicated to ECHA in June 2013. 2. 2. We will explain the socio-economic importance of detonators and delay elements in the developments of other European industrial sectors (mining, quarrying, civil works etc). Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

73. 73 Lead Oxides – Latest Developments 3. 3. As an alternative to conventional detonators (i.e. delays with Pb) we will high lighten Electronic Detonators. (Cost/benefit ratio?) 4. 4. It is convenient to say something about the alternative substances to Lead-tetroxide in delay elements. Are there really alternative substances at industrial scale? (e.g. Mercury fulminate, Silver azide etc.) Answer: NO! 5. 5. FEEM will send comments to ECHA amd Commission before 30 November. Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

74. 74 Lead Oxides – Latest Developments Our main arguments are: Our main arguments are: 1. 1. Prioritizing a chemical prior to the communication of an RMO* is inappropriate - All 27 lead compounds on the candidate list have been subject to an RMO completed by ECHA and provided to the Commission. Including them now on the Priority List seems inappropriate especially since there are serious concerns about the effectiveness of REACH authorization as the most effective RMM* for lead compounds. Risk Management Option Risk Management Measures Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

75. 75 Lead Oxides – Latest Developments 2. Lead compounds are already regulated by the EU – The manufacturing and use of lead compounds is already regulated by long-standing lead specific risk management measures (e.g. Chem. Legislation, REACH, CLP, Occupational Health Regulations etc.). This consideration must be taken forward in the approach to scoring and assessment of regulatory effectiveness, as the value and effectiveness of additional measures will be disproportionate. Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

76. 76 Lead Oxides – Latest Developments 3. 3. Priority scoring concerns If priority scoring relies only on information submitted in the 2010 Registration dossiers we are concerned that it will produce an incorrect score. Regrettably the dossiers included out-dated information in some exposure scenarios. New information has already been provided to ECHA and dossiers are currently being updated to reflect this. Industry has recently completed a priority scoring exercise using the latest ECHA methodology and current use information and this highlighted that Lead Tetroxide (Orange Lead) would have the highest priority score. Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

77. 77 Lead Oxides – Latest Developments 4. The compounds have industrial uses only – THERE ARE NO CONSUMER USES! Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

78. 78 Lead Oxides – Latest Developments 5. 5. WORKERS ARE ALREADY PROTECTED BY EXISTING EU LEGISLATION All applications of the relevant lead compounds industrial. Industrial use of lead is already regulated by legal requirements to protect workers in the form of a Binding Limit Value in the Chemicals Agents Directive that establishes EU-wide minimum standards. Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

79. 79 Lead Oxides – Latest Developments 6. INTERMEDIATE ARGUMENTS NEED TO BE CONSIDERED IN PRIORITY SCORING Fortunately, both Lead Dinitrate and Lead Monoxide are used by FEEM members as intermediate substances (see article 3 (15) of REACH). In other words, these substances are used for chemical production of other substances. According to information received by member companies, Lead Dinitrate is used as raw material in the manufacture of Lead Azide, Lead Styphnate and other primary explosives. Similarly, Lead Monoxide is used as raw material in the production of other lead compounds that are used in the production of the above mentioned primary explosives. Intermediate substances are exempted for Authorisation (see article 2(8) of REACH) so these substances are not in the scope of this threat of jumping to the Annex XIV at least for FEEM members. Use of Lead Dinitrate and Lead Monoxide in explosives has been demonstrated to be an “intermediate” use as the substances are integral to detonators. Fortunately, both Lead Dinitrate and Lead Monoxide are used by FEEM members as intermediate substances (see article 3 (15) of REACH). In other words, these substances are used for chemical production of other substances. According to information received by member companies, Lead Dinitrate is used as raw material in the manufacture of Lead Azide, Lead Styphnate and other primary explosives. Similarly, Lead Monoxide is used as raw material in the production of other lead compounds that are used in the production of the above mentioned primary explosives. Intermediate substances are exempted for Authorisation (see article 2(8) of REACH) so these substances are not in the scope of this threat of jumping to the Annex XIV at least for FEEM members. Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

80. 80 Lead Oxides – Latest Developments Then, the only substance that could be included in the future in the Authorisation List is the ORANGE LEAD. That is why FEEM took the initiative in order to avoid the inclusion of Orange-lead in the Authorisation List and send a relevant letter to the ECHA Directorate on 19 June 2013 with a subsequent Guidance before Nov. 2014. The reasons for supporting the low priority for Orange Lead (regarding priority for jumping from the Candidate List to the Annex XIV) are quite similar to the reasons that were compiled by FEEM for the lead primary explosive compounds (lead azide and lead styphnate) according to our letter to ECHA of 3 October 2011. Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

81. 81 Lead monoxide EC# 215-267-0 ES number ES 6 Linked to Identified Use Use of orange lead in explosive manufacture Note Orange-Lead (lead tetroxide, Pb3O4) is a substance used as a raw material for detonator manufacturing. This substance has no explosive properties and it is used as an oxidizer to obtain a controlled chemical reaction within the detonator structure to obtain a chemical delay in the blasting applications. Orange Lead (Pb3O4) and silicon (or other reducing agents) totally react during use of delay elements and the chemical reaction is complete and irreversible. After detonation, the chemicals inside the delay system react and the final products are silica (SiO2), metallic lead (Pb), and unreacted silicon (Si).

82. Any Questions and/or comments? LEAD OXIDES

83. 83 4.a.5: COLOR-CODING OF EXPLOSIVES In July 2014 FEEM has distributed to their members the I.R.E. (ISTITUTO RICERCHE ESPLOSIVISTICHE) Report with recommendations to the EU Commission (Directorate – General Home Affairs) toward setting standards and regulating the colour-coding of explosives and blasting accessories such as igniters, detonators and detonating cords.

84. 84 Color-Coding of Explosives These recommendations were developed by AID – Stabilimento Militare Ripristini e Recuperi del Munizionamento (Ammunition Refurbishing and Recovery Plant) in collaboration with I.R.E. – Istituto Ricerche Esplosivistiche (Explosive Research Institute) and ECA Italia (European Consulting Agency Srl). The work was funded with the financial support from the Prevention of and Fight against Crime Programme of the European Union – European Commission – Directorate – General Home Affairs.

85. 85 Color-Coding of Explosives Although this project is obviously ongoing for some years already, this is the first time the EXPLOSIVES INDUSTRY is being informed about such a research called: “ICEA – Identification Colors of Explosives and Blasting Accessories” submitted under the call for proposal “ISEC 2010 ACTION GRANT” of the “Prevention and Fight against Crime” Program. The goal of the ICEA project is to provide help Governments and Police forces in simplifying counter-terroristic and crime investigation measures and in simplifying the recognition and identification procedure of cables and detonating cords.

86. 86 Color-Coding of Explosives Some of the arguments: At present, there are almost 50 manufacturers of explosives and similar materials. Due to the absence of standardisation or unified norms, explosive devices often present sheaths of different colours within the same geographic area or can also be confused with products destined to other uses. The nature of certain devices is hard to be identified even by experts, if they are located at a distance. Such an uncertainty causes inevitable consequences concerning security, protection and crime investigations.

87. 87 Color-Coding of Explosives Detonating cord still appears as an object totally harmless, like so many others, such as wire for hanging wet clothes. Few years ago, a member of the Camorra in one district of Naples hung his clothes on some detonating cords. The concealment was discovered only thanks to the K9 police dog units.

88. 88 Color-Coding of Explosives They strongly recommend that a dedicated and unique coloring for cords and detonators wires should be imposed. To reach this goal, the ICEA research team has identified 30 different color combinations. Starting from these color combinations, a standardization of products could be easily achieved.

89. 89 Color-Coding of Explosives An example could be: a color combination for instantaneous electric detonators a color combination for electric delay detonators plus a color combination for micro delay electric detonators (!?) a color combination for low, medium and high intensity detonators;

90. 90 Color-Coding of Explosives A color combination for 3-6-10-12-15-20-40-40-80 and 100 grams of PETN per meter detonating cords. The experts worked on two sets of 10 different color combinations in order to distinguish items for civilian and items for military use. They propose that color combinations with stripes (which could be embossed in order to be distinguished just by touching them) could be dedicated to detonating cords intended for military use, while the set of 10 color combinations with dots may be dedicated to the civilian sector.

91. 91 Color-Coding of Explosives

92. 92 Color-Coding of Explosives

93. 93 Color-Coding of Explosives

94. 94 Color-Coding of Explosives

95. 95 Color-Coding of Explosives ?

96. Any Questions and/or comments? Colour Coding

97. 97 4.a.6: Obligation of End-Users It was reported by some members that there might be disparate systems applied in the EU. In some member states end-users are exempted from the duty to read data, whereas in others they have to fulfill their full obligations according to Article 13 of the Directive: Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

98. 98 Any other business THE DIRECTIVE IS VERY CLEAR IN THIS POINT! Data collection: 1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in the explosives sector put in place a system for collecting data in relation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle. 2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings to keep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time Article 13Data collection1. Member States shall ensure that undertakings in theexplosives sector put in place a system for collecting data inrelation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle.2. The data collection system shall allow the undertakings tokeep track of the explosives in such a way that those holding the explosives can be identified at any time

99. 99 Who are involved? All the supply chain from the manufacturer / importer /distributor to the end user, including transport in terms of movement of explosives. Obligation of End-Users

100. 100 Obligation of End-Users Definitions 1. 1. WHAT IS AN END USER? The end user would be the last undertaking to take possession or custody and to use the explosive, for example operating blasting on site. In certain cases this could be the subcontracting company undertaking the blasting. In other words, those responsible for the last place of storage on a site prior to use should keep records from the time they take possession or custody of the explosive until it is used. It should not however normally be necessary for records to be kept on the individual person, such as the individual shot-firer, to whom the explosive is given to use.

101. 101 What are the legal responsibilities of an end user? Member States lay down rules on penalties applicable to infringements of the provisions of national law adopted pursuant to this Directive and ensure that those rules are enforced. The penalties provided for should be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Legal responsibilities of undertakings as end users are affecting the whole chain from the CEO of the company to the single worker with any relationship with the explosives (Shotfirer, technical supervisor, administrative responsible for the custody of the explosive and products information, …) Obligation of End-Users

102. 102 Obligation of End-Users It is highly recommended for end user companies to clearly define an internal procedure to identify the chain of control of the explosive and related on-site information including the names, job positions and responsibilities along the supply chain.

103. 103 Obligation of End-Users What are the main obligations for an end user? a. a. Put in place a system for collecting data in relation to explosives including their unique identification throughout the supply chain and life cycle. b. b. The system could be digital or manual. c. c. Keeping a record of all identifications of explosives – identification code, together with all pertinent information including the type of explosive, the company or person to the custody of whom it was given.

104. 104 Obligation of End-Users The volume and the complexity of the collected data can lead to the choice of an electronic system. b. Record the location of each explosive while the explosive is in their possession or custody until it is used. c. Each end user has to define a procedure to grant that there is no gap in the traceability and identification of custody between the reception of the explosive and its use in regards to the law. d. In the activities of reception, use of the explosive, and/or storage on-site, which can be coupled or separated activities, the chosen procedures have to be notified clearly for data process management to Track and Trace suppliers.

105. 105 Obligation of End-Users c. At regular intervals test their data collection system in order to ensure its effectiveness and the quality of the data recorded. d. Protect the data collected against accidental or malicious damage or destruction. e. Maintain the information for a 10 years period after the end of the life cycle of the explosive even if the company has ceased its activity. f. Inform the competent authorities upon their request (24/24 hours a day, 365 days a year, 10 years) concerning the origin and location of each explosive. g. Provide the responsible Member State authorities with the name and contact details of a person able to provide the information described.

106. 106 Obligation of End-Users What will happen if the system is not in place on my site in due time? 1. 1. Existing explosives in each site must be marked, identified and controlled according with the provisions of the Directive, to avoid any infringement to the laws and legal responsibilities. 2. 2. In case no system has been put in place to trace and identify explosives, the competent authority could stop the supply of explosives which would have an economic impact on the development of the activities.

107. 107 Obligation of End-Users IS THE T&T SYSTEM HANDLED HOMOGENEOUSLY IN ALL EU MEMBER STATES? Meanwhile FEEM has contacted the Commission (and UEPG) for clarification. We realize that by implementing different standards there might be a competitive discrimination.

108. Any Questions and/or comments? Obligations of End-Users

109. 109 4 b: Incidents TRUCK EXPLOSION ON THE MITCHELL HIGHWAY, QUEENSLAND ON 5 SEPTEMBER 2014

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111. 111 Queensland Accident A TRUCK carrying AN in outback Queensland exploded with such force that residents more than 30km away thought an earthquake had occurred. Four firefighters and a policeman were among eight people injured when a truck carrying 50 tonnes of ammonium nitrate exploded on the Mitchell Highway, about 30km south of Charleville in southwest Queensland. The explosion occurred as emergency crews responded to reports of a truck rollover. The force of the blast destroyed a bridge, cutting off the main route between Charleville and nearby Wyandra. It also severely damaged two fire trucks at the scene.

112. 112 Queensland Accident Four firefighters were also injured, with two still recovering in hospital, along with a police officer and another member of the public. Charleville police officer-in-charge Senior Sergeant Adrian Rieck said the Queensland Fire and Emergency Service crews were able to remove the driver from the wreck before the explosion. "They were very close, within 30 metres of the wreckage, and at that time there were two explosions within quick succession," he said.

113. 113 Queensland Accident The truck belongs to Kalari Transport Ltd., which is one of Australia’s specialist bulk logistics providers to the mining and resources sector carrying AN from ORICA'S YARWUN plant at GLADSTONE. FIVE trucks a week depart Orica's Yarwun factory loaded with ammonium nitrate, headed for all parts of the country. One of those trucks overturned on the Mitchell Hwy near Charleville on Friday, headed for South Australia. Diesel spilling from the fuel tank came into contact with the load, creating a massive explosion which seriously injured eight and obliterated the highway and truck. An attending fire truck was also destroyed. In light of the explosion, Gladstone residents have expressed concerns about living in the same town as an ammonium nitrate plant. (from the Australian “Observer”, 9.9.14)

114. 114 2. VIDEX EXPLOSIVES, BULGARIA The 2014 Gorni Lom explosions were a series of explosions that began on the afternoon of 1 October, 2014, at 16:59 pm local time at the former Midzhur Ammo Plant belonging to Videx Explosives Ltd. in the village of Gorni Lom, in Bulgaria's northwestern Vidin Province. The series of blasts completely destroyed the factory, killing 13 men and 2 women who were inside and injuring 3 others who were some distance away.

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121. 121 VIDEX EXPLOSIVES, BULGARIA VIDEX produces civil explosives like: various types of Ammonites (AN + TNT) ANFO & Mixtures with demil. explosives Cast TNT BOOSTERS & they deal with All sorts of demil. explosives (TNT/RDX/PETN/HMX) Detonators Det. Cords They also offer blast & drilling services

122. 122 The main explosion took place at 16:59 pm local time, with a large secondary blast taking place at 21:45 pm. The approximately 15 people who were working inside the factory at the time of the first explosion are presumed to have died instantly, while 3 female workers in the vicinity of the complex suffered injuries from flying glass and shrapnel. Authorities estimated around 10 tonnes of highly explosive chemicals were stored at the site, in addition to the weapons being dismantled. VIDEX Explosives, Bulgaria

123. 123 According to Nikola Nikolov, the head of the interior ministry's civil defense force, the blasts were powerful enough to completely destroy the main buildings in the plant, leaving huge craters the size of football fields behind and sending debris flying up to a kilometer away. The workers were reportedly dismantling old Greek mines at the time of the accident in Gorni Lom, approximately 145 km northwest of Bulgaria's capital Sofia. VIDEX EXPLOSIVES, BULGARIA

124. 124 The same plant had received several urgent citations by authorities just two months prior to the accident, notifying the owners of outdated equipment, improperly stored explosives and a larger amount of munitions at the site than it could safely handle. The same plant suffered two blasts in 2007 and 2010 that injured a total of 6 people and flattened two separate buildings. In the aftermath of the disaster labour minister Yordan Hristoskov vowed to never allow the factory to reopen, placing the future of around 150 jobs in question and prompting condemnation from local residents. VIDEX EXPLOSIVES, BULGARIA

125. 125 This was Bulgaria's tenth such accident since 1979 and the second one in just two months, after a blast at a similar plant in Kostenets injured 10 people on August 8. An explosion at another facility near Sliven killed 3 people in 2012, and in 2008 a series of huge blasts at an arms depot near Sofia injured 3, forced the closure of Sofia Airport and registered as a 3.2 tremor on seismographs. VIDEX EXPLOSIVES, BULGARIA

126. 126 In response to the disaster, authorities dispatched Army units equipped with drones and thermal cameras to search for survivors and assess the damage. After a period of 24 hours since the last explosion had passed, investigators were allowed access to the scene and began their work, making the initial trip in a Bulgarian Army Sand Cat vehicle as a safety precaution. One of the members of that initial team, Valentin Radev, said that "the plant and the people seem to have just vanished" and described the scene as a "moonscape". VIDEX EXPLOSIVES, BULGARIA

127. 127 The experts think the most likely reasons behind the tragedy are a human error or non-observance of technological discipline and probable violation of workplace safety rules. Asked to comment on what a human error meant, one official said: “For instance, I hold a particular opinion. At the workshop, there was a machine at one of its ends that broke trinitrotoluene taken out of the mines to powder. That trinitrotoluene is of lower sensitivity and can be processed in that manner but in the American-made mines – M16 there are explosive charges of a more sensitive explosive substance. When one has not taken it out and it comes to be in the blocks containing trinitrotoluene, it is highly sensitive and this may have caused the blast.“ VIDEX EXPLOSIVES, BULGARIA

128. 128 “Major responsibility falls upon company’s management. They used to show criminal negligence towards the recommendations of the Labour Inspectorate and the dangerous substances control service (KOS),” said Bulgarian interim Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Labour and Social Policies, Yordan Hristoskov. VIDEX EXPLOSIVES, BULGARIA

129. 129 AOB Further Subjects?

130. 130 7. Date & Place of the next meeting: On Thursday, 26 February 2015 from 9 to 12h30 With a Dinner on 25 February 2015 at 19h00 At Manos Conférence & Business Centre 135, Chaussée de Charleroi B-1060 Bruxelles Tel: +32.2.541.17.87 Fax: +32.2.541.17.97

131. 131 Executive Committee Meeting Mallorca 2014 Thank you for your attention and a good meeting. Lunch will be served now in the Restaurant.