1. Date 31.10.2008 faculty of lawgroningen centre of energy law CCS and Public Engagement – The Netherlands Dr. Martha Roggenkamp Professor of Energy Law Groningen Centre of Energy Law, University of Groningen, NL M.M.Roggenkamp@rug.nl www.gcel.nl

2. Date 31.10.2008 faculty of lawgroningen centre of energy law Groningen Centre of Energy Law: Established in 2006 Research projects: - CCS research:1 PhD + part time post doc - Offshore energy: 2 PhD + 1 post doc - Market liberalisation/new energy: 2 PhD - Emissions trading: 3 PhD and 2 ass.prof

3. Date 31.10.2008 faculty of lawgroningen centre of energy law Gas Reservoirs – Potential Storage

4. Date 31.10.2008 faculty of lawgroningen centre of energy law Public Engagement – The Netherlands > CCS = 3 separate activities/no integrated approach. Focus is on storage > Onshore storage involve many permits > Such permit procedures can take a long time (subsequent complaint/appeal procedures) > In 2009 National Coordinating Law/Crisis and Repair Act: Government can streamline/limit the number of procedures > Coordinating Law applies if a project is of national interest (gives Minister descritionary powers/overruling local governments)

5. Date 31.10.2008 faculty of lawgroningen centre of energy law CCS in the Netherlands: > Initially great interest – the Netherlands as CO2 hub of Northern Europe > Potentially many (soon to be) depleted gas fields > Focus on Rotterdam (Barendrecht) and Groningen (Eemshaven) – demonstration projects envisaged > Storage licence under the Mining Act > CO2 storage projects are of national interest (Minister may overrule local governments) and part of Crises and Repair Act (no appeals)

6. Date 31.10.2008 faculty of lawgroningen centre of energy law Result: > Minister has the final decision making power. The current Minister/government has decided that there will be no CO2 storage onshore > CO2 storage projects will be offshore: ROAD and Green Hydrogen > These projects involve capture in Rotterdam area and storage in a depleted/producing field in Dutch EEZ (P18)and Danish EEZ (Maersk). Both involve also EHR > Transport via a CO2 hub on the Maasvlakte via pipeline (P18) or ship

7. Date 31.10.2008 faculty of lawgroningen centre of energy law Some concluding comments: > CO2 capture and transport is treated different, depending on its ultimate use: permanent storage and/or commercial use > The discussion on CO2 storage now also seem to have a negative effect other projects like gas storage