1. Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 Highlights of the work of Q14/5 Peter Ulanga, Universal Communications Service Access Fund of Tanzania ulanga@ucaf.go.tz ITU Regional Standardization Forum for Africa (Kampala, Uganda, 23-25 June 2014)

2. Question 14/5: “Setting up a low-cost sustainable telecommunication infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries” Rapporteur: Franz Zichy, USA Associate Rapporteur: Peter Ulanga, Tanzania Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 2

3. 3 What challenges are experienced in rural developing countries ? Terrain Difficult Access and Transport Terrain Difficult Access and Transport Skilled HR Installation and maintenance Skilled HR Installation and maintenance High Opex Low ARPU Sparse population High Opex Low ARPU Sparse population

4. Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 4 What possible solutions ? 1) Low-cost trunk transmission lines to rural stations with sufficient bandwidth; 2) Wireless and wired networks connecting rural stations and end-users; 3) Low energy consumption cost effective infrastructure; ( could they Work off-grid) 4) Solution should be easy to deploy and setup; 5) Solution should be robust and have low maintenance requirements; 6) The system should be environmentally friendly throughout its lifecycle.

5. How is it envisaged to solve the problems? 1) Low-cost trunk transmission lines to rural stations with sufficient bandwidth; 2) Wireless and wired networks connecting rural stations and end-users; Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 5 Terrain Difficult Access and Transport Terrain Difficult Access and Transport

6. How is it envisaged to solve the problems? 3) Low energy consumption cost effective infrastructure; ( could they Work off-grid) 5) Solution should be robust and have low maintenance requirements; Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 6 High Opex Low ARPU Sparse population High Opex Low ARPU Sparse population

7. How is it envisaged to solve the problems? 4) Solution should be easy to deploy and setup; 5) Solution should be robust and have low maintenance requirements; Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 7 Skilled HR Installation and maintenance Skilled HR Installation and maintenance

8. Approved Work Items Work ItemSubject/Title Infrastructure best practices Adequate power, building/shelter, accessibility, skilled manpower to operate System requirementsDeployment architecture, power consumption, power source, packaging, operation & maintenance, etc. Technical requirements best practices Identify, assess and consolidate the challenges faced by developing countries in setting up a low cost sustainable telecommunication infrastructure in rural areas of developing nations. Mobile network technologies best practices Type of transmission media, i.e. fiber optics, satellite technology, over-the-air antenna, etc. Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 8

9. Approved Work Items Work ItemSubject/Title Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 9 Automated remote weather sensing equipment best practices Remote weather stations to provide short-term extreme weather event information and long term trends such as drought and monsoon Sustainable power for systems in remote rural areas best practice Possible technological/engineering solutions for sustainable power requirements

10. Q14/5 framework Framework Recommendation Recommendation to provide a framework of general requirements for low cost sustainable infrastructure for developing countries Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 10

11. Structure of the Deliverables of Q14/5 Supplement A Supplement B Supplement C Supplement D Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 11 Framework Recommendation

12. Supplements to Framework Recommendation Supplement A – Using Capacity Transfer Repeater to set up a low cost sustainable telecommunications infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries Supplement B – Using Microwave Links to set up a low cost sustainable telecommunications infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 12

13. Supplements to the Framework Recommendation Supplement C – Using Fiber Optic Cable to set up a low cost sustainable telecommunications infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries Supplement D – Using Hybrid Satellites to set up a low cost sustainable telecommunications infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 13

14. Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 14 The Questions has received a number of contributions as shown below between 2011 and 2014 Number of Contributions received

15. Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 15 Highlights of the Contributions Largest number of contributions are related to infrastructure best practices (9 contributions) The second largest number of contributions on mobile network best practices (8 contributions) The third largest number of contributions is in systems requirements( 5 contributions) Other work items have 3 or less contributions

16. Conclusions and Recommendations Contributions from Africa are required to ensure relevant deliverables of the work of Q14/5 We need more contributions on areas of systems requirement to cover different aspects of low-cost technologies requirements in rural areas Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 4 16