1. S C O T T PRATTPRATT M I C H I G A N STATESTATE U N I V E R S I Y T S U N A M I THETHE B T PUZZLEPUZZLE ANDAND T H E R H I C

2. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University OUTLINE What does HBT Measure? Models HBT and the Equation of State –Dynamical Signatures –Entropy Tsunamis, EoS & Viscosity

3. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University What does HBT measure? Determines Shape of f(p,r,t  )

4. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University HBT Basics

5. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Blast-Wave Models R v z =z/  V x =V  (r/R) Parameters: T, R, V , ,  Schnedermann, Sollfrank and Heinz Tomasik, Broniowski, Lisa and Retiere, …

6. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Blast Wave Fits Lisa and Retiere, PRC 70:044907 (04) Therminator Broniowski et al., nucl-th/0212053

7. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University NA49 vs. Therminator 3-dimensional details of blast-wave confirmed

8. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Blast-Wave and the HBT Puzzle Parameters: T  110 MeV R  13 fm V   0.7c   10 fm/c   3 fm/c Similar Conclusions: Blast Waves (Lisa-Retiere, Tomasik) Therminator Buda Lund Requires Kp spectra Rapid expansion sudden disintegration

9. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University HYDRO Overall sizes depend on EOS & breakup criteria

10. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Cascade/Boltzmann More resonances -> softer -> bigger Strings -> softer -> bigger

11. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University HBT and the EoS: Dynamical Signature Leads to: R out /R side >> 1

12. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University HBT and EoS: Entropy Sizes and spectra give phase space density Phase space density gives Entropy

13. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University HBT and EoS: Entropy increases with s 1/2 gives entropy for pions R inv and spectra for other species gives total S

14. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Is Lattice Eq. of State excluded? Range

15. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Total Entropy and the lattice EOS Final S consistent with lattice EOS CRUDE! Entropy moved from pions to baryons

16. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University The HBT puzzle Models that fit overall volume (fit entropy) underpredict R side

17. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Explanations to the HBT Puzzle Refraction (Cramer-Miller, 2005) - Requires extreme assumptions Surface Emission (Heiselberg, 2002) - What happened to energy in center? Initial transverse velocity (Sinyukov, 2007) - Source ??? Needed: Explanation with consistent dynamical model

18. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Tsunamis at RHIC (Bauer and Bertsch, PRL '90)

19. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Modeling Tsunamis at RHIC with Hydrodynamics  P  H L Increasing L or decreasing c 2 mixed -> stronger tsunami Resonance Gas

20. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Hydrodynamic Evolution L=2 GeV/fm3, c 2 mixed =0.05  =1,3,5,7,9,11 fm/c

21. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University HBT Radii Large R side for L  2 GeV/fm 3

22. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Viscosity and Tsunamis: Perfect Hydro: Navier-Stokes: Israel-Stewart:

23. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Initial-State Asymmetry of T ij Relativistic Gas: Classical Longitudinal Fields: CGC (Krasnitz, Nara &Venugopalan) : For  =0.5 fm/c -> Significant strengthening of tsunami

24. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Non-Zero Shear Even for   s/4  -> significant strengthening of tsunami

25. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Bulk Viscosity in Mixed Region K.Paech and S.P., PRC 2006  P -> Significant strengthening of tsunami

26. The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Scott Pratt The HBT Puzzle and the RHIC Tsunami Michigan State University Summary HBT invaluable for investigating EoS: - HBT + spectra -> entropy Large experimental R side might indicate tsunami - Driven by Softness in EoS and viscosity More serious analysis is needed