1. 12/26/2004 Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake 3rd largest earthquake of the past 100 years (M w 9.3). Generated historically large tsunamis that struck Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Africa that killed approximately 300,000 people. No effective warning of tsunami due to lack of monitoring/communication system in the Indian Ocean

2. Seismograms of the day: Global Seismic Displacement Wavefield, December 26, 2004.

3. Earth Simulator Sumatra Surface Wave Simulation c/o Jeroen Tromp

4. 0 S 0 - 20.5 minutes 0 S 3 - 35.6 minutes 0 S 2 - 53.9 minutes Spheroidal Normal Modes Very Large Earthquakes Significantly Excite the Planet’s Normal Modes

5. The Sumatra- Andaman rupture was significant, even on the scale of the entire planet.

6. c/o Miaki Ishii The Sumatra- Andaman rupture was complex and distributed over more than 7 minutes.

7. Global Moment Release (1906- 2005) Chile (1960) Alaska (1964) Sumatra (2004) “Great” earthquake are very significant global events. …seismic Moment is proportional to fault area times fault slip

8. Global Moment Release (1906- 2005) Approximately half of all earthquake moment release on the planet over the past 100 years occurred in just three earthquakes (a manifestation of power law statistics)!

9. Physics of Water Waves Waves are the response of a liquid to departures from gravitational equilibrium. Wind waves in the deep ocean: Wavelength << water depth Tsunami waves in the deep ocean: Wavelength >> water depth Wind Waves (away from shore) Tsunamis in the deep ocean

10. c/o Steve Ward Global Tsunami Simulation