1. OOAD… LowE Electrons From HEP computing to medical research and vice versa Bidirectional From HEP computing to medical research and vice versa Bidirectional Technology transfer and application results  HEP world offers advanced software technologies to medical physics world  Medical physics turns in back feedback on the developed tools Globalisation : sharing functionalities across diverse field UR 2.1The user shall be able to simulate electromagnetic interactions of positive charged hadrons down to < 1KeV. Need: Essential Priority: Required by end 1999 Stability: T. b. d. Source: Medical physics groups, PIXE Clarity: Clear Verifiability: Verified Requirements for Geant4 LowEnergy package Low Energy Processes for e-, hadrons,ions, gamma Energy range: 250 eV up to 100 GeV Based on EPDL97, EEDL and EADL evaluated data libraries  cross sections  sampling of the final state Software architecture LowE Hadrons and ions What in a simulation software system is relevant to the bio-medical community? Use of evaluated data libraries The transparency of physicsAdvanced functionalities in geometry, physics, visualisation etc. Extensibility to accomodate new user requirements (thanks to the OO technology) Adoption of standards wherever available (de jure or de facto) Quality Assurance based on sound software engineering Independent validation by a large user community worldwide User support from experts A rigorous software process Specific facilities controlled by a friendly UI The transparency of the physics implementation is fundamental for “sensitive” and critical applications, such as medical ones Validation of Geant4 LowEnergy package Geant4 simulation results are compared to procol data (i.e. NIST) and/or to experimental data The first user application … …. and the same requirements in HEP too Distance (nm) 10 keV electron in water R. Taschereau, R. Roy, J. Pouliot Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Dept. de radio -oncologie, Canada Univ. Laval, Dept. de Physique, Canada Univ. of California, San Francisco, Dept. of Radiation Oncology, USA Exploiting X-ray fluorescence to lower the energy spectrum of photons (and electrons) and enhance the RBE  Similar requirements on both low energy e/gamma and hadrons, K-shell transitions etc. from “underground” HEP experiments collected ~1 year later  Recent interest on these physics models from LHC for precision detector simulation They profit of the fact that the code does already exist, has been extensively tested and experimentally validated by other groups HEP offers methodologies and tools “It was noted that experiments have requirements for independent, alternative physics models. In Geant4 these models, differently from the concept of packages, allow the user to understand how the results are produced, and hence improve the physics validation. Geant4 is developed with a modular architecture and is the ideal framework where existing components are integrated and new models continue to be developed.” Domain decomposition Geant4 architecture Uni-directional flow of dependencies Software Engineering plays a fundamental role in Geant4 User Requirements formally collected systematically updated PSS-05 standard Software Process spiral iterative approach regular assessments and improvements monitored following the ISO 15504 model Quality Assurance commercial tools code inspections automatic checks of coding guidelines testing procedures at unit and integration level dedicated testing team Object Oriented methods OOAD use of CASE tools essential for distributed parallel development contribute to the transparency of physics Use of Standards de jure and de facto Applications In Medical Physics Verification of conventional radiotherapy treatment planning (as required by protocols) Investigation of innovative methods in radiotherapyRadiodiagnostics Brachytherapy Dose distribution on plains at different distances from the source Protontherapy New projects Hadrontherapy studies In vivo dosimetry(mammography, colonscopy), Superposition and fusion of anatomic and functional images PET Intra-operatory radiotherapy CT interface GEANT4- DNA Study of radiation damage at the cellular and DNA level in the space radiation environment (and other applications,not only in the space domain) Relevance for space: astronaut and airline pilotradiation hazards, biological experiments Applications in radiotherapy, radiobiology...