1. Arsenic Removal for Potable Water Using a Low-tech Fe Coagulation/Filtration System Eric Rivera, Civil Engineering NMSU Luis Villareal, Civil Engineering NMSU Adrian Hanson, Ph.D., PE, NMSU Professor Environmental Engineering AMP URCA Conference 4/17/08 Corbet Center

2. Acknowledgements New Mexico Alliance for Minority Participation (AMP) Desert Sands Mutual Domestic Water System Edward Livingston; Livingston and associates inc.

3. Arsenic A toxic element found in natural deposits in the earth. Dissolved into ground water as it moves through the aquifer matrix. Other sources: – Fertilizers – Animal feeding operations – Industrial practices; copper smelting, mining, coal burning

4. Health risks Cancer; bladder, lungs, skin, kidney, nasal passages, liver, and prostate. (USEPA) Skin pigmentation changes, and hyperkeratosis(thickening of the skin) (WHO) Arsenic in drinking-water will cause 200,000 -- 270,000 deaths from cancer in Bangladesh alone. (NRC, 1998; Smith, et al, 2000).

5. National Contamination Levels Arsenic concentrations found in at least 25% of ground-water samples.

6. EPA Regulations Maximum Contaminate Level (MCL) – 10 parts per billion (.010 parts per million) as of January 23, 2006 – Any water system serving 15 locations or 25 residents year-round

7. Desert Sands Two operating wells, and one new well awaiting approval 17-27 parts per billion Arsenic Serves about 650 connections (1,500 people). EPA has granted an extension to meet new standards Recently had arsenic removal using an iron oxide filter system: costly to maintain. – $30,000 or more per year

8. Proposed Solution Low-tech FeCL 3 Coagulation/filtration system – Complete removal of Arsenic – Low costs – Low maintenance – Simple operation

9. The Treatment Method Coagulation-Creates particles that As adsorbs to and settles with. Filtration-removes remaining As/particles.

10. Treatment Train Inlet Static mixer Settling Chamber Filter Outlet Flocculation Chamber

11. Jar Testing

12. Results

14. Arsenic Removal in Emergency Response Water Treatment Portable Rapid Deployment System

15. Chemical Delivery Solid FeCl3 and solid Chlorine Longer shelf-life for emergency situations

16. Results Reaction can occur rapidly enough to be effective Oxidation is a problem

17. Problems Oxidation

18. Future Applications Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) Solid Chemical Delivery

19. Thank You QUESTIONS?