1. Unit 7: Creek & Cherokee Nations (1800-1840)
SS8H5d: Analyze the events that led to the removal of Creeks and Cherokees, include the roles of Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears.

2. The First Five January 0, 2015
Agenda Message: Welcome Back!!! Unit 7 Frayer Models = Due on January 16th Warm-up: What do you already know about the Cherokee & Creek cultures? How have their cultures influenced the state of Georgia?

3. Alexander McGillivray
Chief Alexander McGillivray led the Creek Indian tribes in Georgia.
In 1790, President George Washington & Chief McGillivray signed the Treaty of New York.
In this treaty, the Creek Indians gave up all of their land east of the Oconee River (near Athens, GA).
The U.S. government started removing Creek Indians off of their land in Georgia.
Headright System and land lottery will be used to distribute land to white settlers.

4. William McIntosh
As more and more of the Creek Indian land was given to the U.S. government, Creek tribes became separated from each other.
There was little chance for the Creeks to talk and trade with each other.
On February 12, 1825, Chief William McIntosh secretly sold the last of the Creek lands in Georgia to the U.S. government for $200,000.
Groups of Creek Indians beat, stabbed, & scalped Chief McIntosh for secretly selling away the Creeks’ land to the USA.

5. Gold Rush in Georgia
White settlers continued to move into northern Georgia, because of the attraction to:
Rich land
Timber
Other natural resources
In 1828, gold was found near Dahlonega, GA.
This caused a rush of people to arrive and caused the Cherokee to be removed off their land.

6. Sequoyah I760-George Gist, also known as Sequoyah was born.
He created the Cherokee alphabet or syllabary, which are symbols that stand for whole syllables.
The Cherokee alphabet or syllabary has 86 symbols.
stop

7. The First Five January 12, 2015
Agenda Message: Unit 7 Frayer Models = Due Jan. 16th
Warm-up: It is The U.S. government has given your tribe a choice: move west to a reservation and keep your traditional way of life, or stay and adapt. Most of your tribal land has been sold or taken. The remaining land is isolated and not very good for farming.
Would you stay or would you leave?
How would your life change if you stayed in Georgia?
How would your life change if you moved west?

8. Worcester v. Georgia
On December 22, 1830, the General Assembly passed a law stating that a white person could not live on Cherokee land without taking an oath of allegiance to the governor.
11 white people refused to sign the oath, including the Reverend Samuel Worcester (postmaster of the New Echota post office)
The 11 people were jailed…chained together and made to walk from the North Georgia Mountains to Lawrenceville, GA.
Then they were sentenced to serve 4 years at the state penitentiary in Milledgeville.
Governor George Gilmer agreed to pardon any of them, who would sign the oath of allegiance…Only 2 of the prisoners refused to do so.

9. Worcester v. Georgia part 2
Samuel Worcester and Elizur Butler took their case to the U.S. Supreme Court…Chief Justice John Marshall rendered his decision ordering Worcester and Butler set free (they won)!
However, Georgia’s Governor Gilmer refused to accept the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, and so did the next incoming governor (Governor Wilson Lumpkin).
Worcester and Butler gave up.
Governor Lumpkin pardoned them and banned the two men out of Georgia forever.
Governor Lumpkin took the Cherokee land in North Georgia and divided up.
In 1832, Georgia held a land lottery and distributed Cherokee land out to Georgia’s white males.

10. Video

11. Andrew Jackson Elected president of the USA in 1828.
1830-Indian Removal Act was passed in Congress and $500,000 was set aside to enforce it.
All Native Americans were moved to western land called reservations.
Choctaws were removed 1st in 1831, then the Cherokees were last to be removed in 1838.

12. John Ross Principal chief of the Cherokee Indians.
He tried to save Cherokee land from being taken by both the Georgia General Assembly and the U.S. government during the 1830s-1840s.

13. Trail of Tears Anuna-da-ut-sun’y
In 1835, a Cherokee chief named Major Ridge signed the Treaty of New Echota with US President Andrew Jackson, but without the permission of Cherokee principal chief John Ross.
This treaty gave up all Cherokee lands in Georgia in exchange for lands in Oklahoma and 5 million dollars.
John Ross and other Cherokees thought the US government would protect Cherokee lands from white settlement because of the Worcester v. Georgia Supreme Court case.

14. Trail of Tears Anuna-da-ut-sun’y
Instead, the US Army enforced the 1830 Indian Removal Act and in 1838 Cherokee homes and farms were burned.
The Cherokee were rounded up in concentration camps and forced to migrate to Oklahoma.
Major Ridge and others Cherokees who signed the Treaty of New Echota were soon executed in Oklahoma by supporters of Cherokee chief John Ross.

15. http://app. discoveryeducation

16. Trail of Tears Anuna-da-ut-sun’y
Army General Winfield Scott and his soldiers were ordered to remove all (15,000+) Cherokee from their land in North Georgia.
In 1838, the Cherokees were forced to walk 800 miles from New Echota (Calhoun, GA) to the new Indian Territory (Oklahoma).
During this 3 months winter walk, many (4,000+) of the Cherokee and their animals died from starvation and from colds.

17. Trail of Tears Map

18. Video 3

19. The First Five January 9, 2015
Agenda Message: Study for the Unit 7 Quiz on Friday
Turn in Unit 7 Frayer Models for a grade
Today’s Warm-up:
1. Which treaty required the Creek to give up all their land east of the Oconee River?
Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of New York
Treaty of New Echota

20. Cherokee Phoenix
The Cherokee Phoenix (ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ, Tsalagi Tsulehisanvhi) was the first newspaper published by Native Americans in the United States and the first published in a Native American language.[1][2] The first issue was published in English and Cherokee on February 21, 1828, in New Echota, capital of the Cherokee Nation (present-day Georgia). The paper continued until 1834

21. Lighthorse (American Indian police)
Lighthorse (or Light Horse) was the name given by the Five Civilized Tribes of the United States to their mounted police force. The Lighthorse were generally organized into companies and assigned to different districts. Perhaps the most famous were the Cherokee Lighthorsemen which had their origins in Georgia. Although

22. Lighthorse (American Indian police)
Although the mounted police were disbanded when the Five Civilized Tribes lost their tribal lands in the late 19th century, some tribes still use the Lighthorse name for elements of their police forces.

23. Compact of 1802
The Georgia Compact of 1802 involved the Cherokee, the state of Georgia, and the Federal government.  Who would control Indian lands?  The struggle that ensued over the answer to that question set up the most violent social cataclysms of the 19th century. 

24. Compact of 1802
Georgia gave up its land involved in the Yazoo Land fraud case. Creating its current boundaries. In return the national government gave Georgia 1.2 million dollars and promised to remove all Native Americans from Georgia as soon as it should become practicable. The first land lotteries were held in 1805.

25. HOTS
2. What group of north Georgia Indians was forcibly removed from their land after gold was discovered there?
Creek
Choctaw
Seminole
Cherokee

26. BINGO Board Terms John Ross Creek New Echota William McIntosh
Alexander McGillivray
Terminus
Western & Atlantic Railroad
Andrew Jackson
Gold Rush
Yazoo Land Fraud
University of Georgia
Eli Whitney
Treaty of New York
Baptist Church
Headright System
Sequoyah
Cotton Gin
Worcester vs. Georgia
Methodist Church
Land Lottery
Cherokee
Trail of Tears
Major Ridge
Louisville
Reservation
Cherokee Phoenix
Light Horse Guard
Indian Removal Act
Treaty of New Echota
Compact of 1802

27. The First Five January , 2015
Agenda Message: Unit 7 Quiz Wednesday January 21st …STUDY!

28. References
Blankenship, G. and Wood, V. (2009). Georgia CRCT test prep: 8th grade Georgia studies. Atlanta, GA: Clairmont Press, Inc. Klein, P. and Pascoe, C. (2005). Georgia: In the American experience. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, Inc. London, B. B. (1999). Georgia: The history of an American state. Montgomery, AL: Clairmont Press.

29. Group Work
Instructions: Your group will read your assigned section and explain Who, What, When, Where & Why regarding the facts. Be prepared to share your main points with the class. Group 1: Georgia Cities, p. 220 & The Old South, p. 221 Group 2: Planters, p. 222 Group 3: Yeoman Farmers, pp Group 4: Free African Americans & Daily Life, pp. 223 Group 5: Enslaved Africans, pp Group 6: Religion , p. 219 & Reform in Georgia, pp. 220

30. 3-2-1 Responses
Who were 3 groups of people who lived and worked on plantations during the antebellum period?
What were 2 ways that Africans could earn their freedom during the antebellum period?
Explain 1 rule or law that slaves had to follow during the antebellum period.

31. The First Five January 24, 2014 Agenda Message: No homework tonight
Today’s Warm-up:
Take the Unit 7 Quiz
Travel to the computer