1. Diesel Regulations Affecting Public Fleets Presented for the Public Fleet Supervisors Association January 19, 2006 Diana Acevedo

2. Agenda Introduction Introduction Background on ARB’s Diesel Risk Reduction Plan Background on ARB’s Diesel Risk Reduction Plan Overview of the On-Road Diesel Public Fleet ATCM Overview of the On-Road Diesel Public Fleet ATCM Upcoming Regulations Upcoming Regulations Questions Questions

3. Introduction Diana Acevedo Staff Engineer/CH2M HILL dacevedo@ch2m.com

4. Background: Diesel Risk Reduction Plan

5. Background In 1998, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) identified particulate matter (PM) from diesel engines as a toxic air contaminant (TAC) In 1998, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) identified particulate matter (PM) from diesel engines as a toxic air contaminant (TAC) Over 1 million on-road & off-road vehiclesOver 1 million on-road & off-road vehicles 16,000 stationary engines16,000 stationary engines 50,000 portable engines50,000 portable engines

6. Background Why is ARB going after diesel PM? Why is ARB going after diesel PM? Cancer risk of over 500 cases per million people (on a statewide basis)Cancer risk of over 500 cases per million people (on a statewide basis) Even higher risk for urban areasEven higher risk for urban areas South Coast Air Basin: the cancer risk is estimated to be 1000 cases per million people South Coast Air Basin: the cancer risk is estimated to be 1000 cases per million people Compared to other air toxics that ARB has regulated, diesel PM accounts for 70% of total ambient air riskCompared to other air toxics that ARB has regulated, diesel PM accounts for 70% of total ambient air risk

7. Background To address Diesel PM, ARB adopted the Diesel Risk Reduction Plan (DRRP) in 2000 To address Diesel PM, ARB adopted the Diesel Risk Reduction Plan (DRRP) in 2000 Goal: significantly reduce diesel PM emissionsGoal: significantly reduce diesel PM emissions Three components:Three components: Stringent standards for new engines Stringent standards for new engines Retrofit requirements for existing engines Retrofit requirements for existing engines Control sulfur-content of diesel fuel Control sulfur-content of diesel fuel

8. Background As part of the DRRP, ARB recommended several air toxic control measures (ATCMs) As part of the DRRP, ARB recommended several air toxic control measures (ATCMs) ATCMs already adopted: ATCMs already adopted: Transit busesTransit buses Solid waste collection vehiclesSolid waste collection vehicles Stationary enginesStationary engines Portable equipmentPortable equipment Transportation refrigeration enginesTransportation refrigeration engines Idling controlsIdling controls 2007 model year emission standards for heavy-duty trucks and off-road equipment2007 model year emission standards for heavy-duty trucks and off-road equipment Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel by mid-2006Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel by mid-2006

9. On-Road Diesel Public Fleet ATCM

10. Overview At the December 8, 2005 Board hearing, ARB adopted the public fleet ATCM At the December 8, 2005 Board hearing, ARB adopted the public fleet ATCM Continuation of the work directed by the DRRPContinuation of the work directed by the DRRP Does not apply to any public vehicles that were already covered in previous ATCMs:Does not apply to any public vehicles that were already covered in previous ATCMs: Solid waste collection vehicles Solid waste collection vehicles Public transit vehicles Public transit vehicles School buses School buses

11. Overview On-road diesel heavy-duty vehicles with a model year from 1960-2006 On-road diesel heavy-duty vehicles with a model year from 1960-2006 Manufacturer’s Gross Vehicle Weight greater than 14,000 lbs Manufacturer’s Gross Vehicle Weight greater than 14,000 lbs Owned, leased, or operated by any municipality or utility company Owned, leased, or operated by any municipality or utility company

12. Regulatory Approach Requires that the Best Available Control Technology (BACT) be installed Requires that the Best Available Control Technology (BACT) be installed Vehicle-by-vehicle basis Vehicle-by-vehicle basis Phased-in compliance schedule based on engine model year Phased-in compliance schedule based on engine model year

13. BACT Definitions 1)Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified to the new 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM standard for new 2007 model year engines (catch: not available until 2007); 2)Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified to a 0.1 g/bhp-hr standard AND install the highest level verified Diesel Emission Control Strategy (DECS); 3)Replace or repower vehicle with an alternative- fuel, heavy-duty pilot-ignition, or gasoline engine; or, 4)Install the highest level verified DECS on an existing engine.

14. BACT (Cont’d) DECS devices are verified by ARB to one of three levels: DECS devices are verified by ARB to one of three levels: Level 1 – greater than 25% reductionLevel 1 – greater than 25% reduction Level 2 – greater than 50% reductionLevel 2 – greater than 50% reduction Level 3 – greater than 85% reductionLevel 3 – greater than 85% reduction Responsibility of owner to find highest level of DECS for each engine Responsibility of owner to find highest level of DECS for each engine Note that Level 1 DECS is not allowed on Group 1 engines (1960-1987) Note that Level 1 DECS is not allowed on Group 1 engines (1960-1987) except for low population countiesexcept for low population counties

15. Compliance Schedule

16. Compliance Deadline Extensions: Compliance Deadline Extensions: Early implementation of BACTEarly implementation of BACT Municipalities located in low-population county (less than 125,000 people)Municipalities located in low-population county (less than 125,000 people) No verified DECS existsNo verified DECS exists Dual-fuel and bi-fuel enginesDual-fuel and bi-fuel engines Engine near retirementEngine near retirement Use of experimental DECSUse of experimental DECS

17. Early Implementation Extension Group 1: If BACT is applied to 50% of vehicles in this group before Dec 31, 2007, then ARB will allow a delay for 100% compliance to Dec 31, 2012 Group 1: If BACT is applied to 50% of vehicles in this group before Dec 31, 2007, then ARB will allow a delay for 100% compliance to Dec 31, 2012 Similar extension for Group 2 Similar extension for Group 2

18. Early Implementation Extension Because early implementation is voluntary, municipalities may be able to apply for, and receive, incentive funding Because early implementation is voluntary, municipalities may be able to apply for, and receive, incentive funding For more information on the Carl Moyer Program, go to: http://www.arb.ca.gov/mspro g/moyer/moyer.htm

19. Engine Near Retirement Extension Retirement: Retirement: Sale outside of CaliforniaSale outside of California Scrappage of the engineScrappage of the engine Conversion to a low-usage vehicleConversion to a low-usage vehicle If engine is within 1 year of retirement If engine is within 1 year of retirement Get 1 year extensionGet 1 year extension

20. Exemption “Low Usage Vehicle” “Low Usage Vehicle” Operated fewer than 1000 miles or 50 hours per yearOperated fewer than 1000 miles or 50 hours per year 5-year rolling average based on mileage or engine hours of operation 5-year rolling average based on mileage or engine hours of operation Must still comply with record-keeping requirements, but does not require BACT for these vehiclesMust still comply with record-keeping requirements, but does not require BACT for these vehicles

21. More Information More information can be obtained at: More information can be obtained at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/ publicfleets.htm The regulation can be tracked at: The regulation can be tracked at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/ dpmcm05.htm

22. Upcoming Regulations

23. Proposed rule Proposed rule Aiming for public hearing and consideration by Board in late summer or early fall of 2006Aiming for public hearing and consideration by Board in late summer or early fall of 2006 Applies to diesel off-road equipment >25 hp Applies to diesel off-road equipment >25 hp Used in construction, mining, and industrial operationsUsed in construction, mining, and industrial operations Preliminary Regulatory Concepts posted September 30 Preliminary Regulatory Concepts posted September 30 Diesel Off-Road Equipment

24. Approaches include: Approaches include: Accelerated turnover to cleaner enginesAccelerated turnover to cleaner engines Retrofit with BACTRetrofit with BACT Idling limitationsIdling limitations Registration, record keeping, reporting, and/or inspectionsRegistration, record keeping, reporting, and/or inspections Next workshop is January 24 in Sacramento Next workshop is January 24 in Sacramento Diesel Off-Road Equipment

25. Group Engine Model Years Compliance Phase-in Dates 25%50%75%100% 1Pre-19882007200820092010 21988-19952008200920102011 31996-20022009201020112012 42003-20062010201120122013 52007-2014 Model Year (MY) + 4 MY + 5 MY + 6 MY + 7

26. Off-Road LSI Equipment Rule LSI – Large Spark Ignition equipment LSI – Large Spark Ignition equipment Includes forklifts, street sweepers, generators, large turf-care equipment and other equipmentIncludes forklifts, street sweepers, generators, large turf-care equipment and other equipment Gasoline and propane poweredGasoline and propane powered New and in-use equipment > 25 hpNew and in-use equipment > 25 hp ARB issued a “Notice of Decision Not to Proceed” ARB issued a “Notice of Decision Not to Proceed” Regulatory clock ran outRegulatory clock ran out But it’s just a delay – will still happen But it’s just a delay – will still happen

27. Useful Websites Diesel Risk Reduction Plan Diesel Risk Reduction Plan http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htm Public Fleets Public Fleets http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htm http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htm Off-Road Diesel Equipment Off-Road Diesel Equipment http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htm Off-Road LSI Equipment Off-Road LSI Equipment http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htm

28. Questions?