1. Final exam probably Monday 15 Jan Should be on portal in a couple of weeks, be sure to double-check as this is from the draft timetable. Revision session January 10 (Wed)?

2. Endangered Languages http://www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/Redbook/index.html http://www.ethnologue.com/web.asp http://www.endangeredlanguagefund.org/ http://www.ogmios.org/home.htm

3. Wikipedia doesnt cut it Not wrong, but pre-digested Lazy, need to work at reading primary and secondary sources Websites can be helpful for identifying sources or quick facts, but they shouldnt be part of an academic paper

4. Languages by number of speakers

5. Languages by Population Size

6. Michael Krauss Founder of the Alaskan Native Language Center http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/ Clarion call to linguists to do something at 1991 LSA meeting, published in 1992 moribund = language no longer being learned by children English dominance seems to be the most destructive - Australia 90% of 250 aboriginal languages moribund

7. Most linguistically diverse countries Papua New Guinea - 850 Indonesia - 670 Nigeria - 410 India - 380 Cameroon - 270 Australia - 250 Mexico - 240 Zaire / Brazil - 210 100-160 languages each Philippines USSR USA Malaysia Peoples Republic of China Sudan Tanzania Ethiopia Chad New Hebrides Central African Republic Burma Nepal

8. 21st Century will see death and doom of 90% of worlds languages "Should we mourn the loss of Eyak or Ubykh any less than the loss of the panda or California condor? "Obviously we must do some serious rethinking on our priorities, lest linguistics go down in history as the only science that presided obliviously over the disappearance of 90% of the very field to which it is dedicated."

9. 1992 declaration of International Linguistics Congress in Quebec As the disappearance of any one language constitutes an irretrievable loss to mankind, it is for UNESCO a task of great urgency to respond to this situation by promoting and, if possible, sponsoring programs of linguistic organizations for the description in the form of grammars, dictionaries and texts, including the recording of oral literatures, of hitherto unstudied or inadequately documented endangered and dying languages.

10. Confronting misconceptions Diversity causes conflict –Vietnam, Cambodia, Rwanda, Burundi Translation is expensive –Cost not wasted –Capital investment Diversity prevents commuication –Local languages promote community cohesion Cultural diversity is at core of our adaptability and crucial to future success –Language is an integral part of culture