1. Developing a Community- Based Shellfish Industry for Hawai`i Robert Howerton Maria Haws University of Hawaii

2. Constraints Constraints Objectives Objectives Traditional Hawaiian Fishponds Traditional Hawaiian Fishponds Site Selection Site Selection Accomplishments Accomplishments

3. Constraints Hawai`i is only coastal state without a bivalve industry. Hawai`i is only coastal state without a bivalve industry. Hawai`i does not have a shoreline certification program Hawai`i does not have a shoreline certification program Hawai`i does not have a certified laboratory Hawai`i does not have a certified laboratory No native bivalve species have been developed for culture No native bivalve species have been developed for culture No grow out locations have been identified No grow out locations have been identified

4. Objectives Establish a shellfish working group Establish a shellfish working group Conduct spawning trials on indigenous species Conduct spawning trials on indigenous species Identify two grow out sites on Moloka`i Identify two grow out sites on Moloka`i Work with state agencies responsible for shellfish sanitation Work with state agencies responsible for shellfish sanitation Determine if permits can be obtained for non-native species Determine if permits can be obtained for non-native species Transfer bivalve culture technology Transfer bivalve culture technology

5. WHAT IS AN AHUPUA`A?

6. Traditional Hawaiian Fishponds At Mānana Peninsula in Pu‘uloa (Pearl Harbor) oral tradition tells of people lined up for more than a mile from the shoreline to the mountains, passing lava rocks “without touching the ground in transit” (Cobb, 1903).

7. LOKO I`A KALO KEANAE MAUI

8. LOKO WAI `ALEKOKO (Menehune) FISHPOND KAUA`I

9. LOKO PU`UONE Hawaii Kai O`ahu

10. LOKO KUAPĀ Kāne`ohe Bay O`ahu

11. Hawaiian Fishpond Census 30% 25%23% 1%4% 7% 8% Total = 488 Source: DHM Planners Inc. 1990

12. Hawaiian Fishpond Census Total = 488 Source: DHM Planners Inc. 1990 28 % 9 % 1 % 36% 15 % 10 %

13. Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration Efforts Hawaiian Fishpond Restoration Efforts PASSING THE STONES SETTING THE STONES FINISHED KUAPĀ (POND WALL)

14. Accomplishments to date Establishment of shellfish working group Establishment of shellfish working group Two native species identified for culture Two native species identified for culture

15. Indigenous Species Dendostrea sandvichensis Spondylus sp.

16. Hawaiian Oysters

17. Accomplishments to date Establishment of shellfish working group Establishment of shellfish working group Two native species identified for culture Two native species identified for culture Three trial sites on Moloka`i and one on O`ahu Three trial sites on Moloka`i and one on O`ahu

18. Island of Moloka`i

19. Keawanui Fishpond

20. Keawanui Farms

21. Kaloko`eli Fishpond

22. Heei`a Fishpond O`ahu

23. Accomplishments to Date Establishment of shellfish working group Establishment of shellfish working group Two native species identified for culture Two native species identified for culture Three trial sites on Moloka`i and one on O`ahu Three trial sites on Moloka`i and one on O`ahu State DOH, ADP and DLNR are members of the shellfish working group State DOH, ADP and DLNR are members of the shellfish working group Import permits have been approved for all demonstration sites for three non-native species Import permits have been approved for all demonstration sites for three non-native species Animals will be shipped to Moloka`i and O`ahu next month Animals will be shipped to Moloka`i and O`ahu next month

24. Acknowledgments USDA-CTSA USDA-CTSA Maui County Office of Economic Development Maui County Office of Economic Development Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program Maui Community College Maui Community College