1. Using a Dispersed Strategy in Your Region By Mike Michaud Matrix Energy Solutions Edited and Presented By Brian Antonich Windustry

2. What We Will Cover Transmission and Distribution CBED Transmission Study, What did we learn? How to using Transmission Maps & Tables

3. TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION LINES

4. ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

5. TRANSMISSION LINE CHARACTERISTICS Connects generation to load to bring power to load centers. (See FERC Seven Factor test). Transfer power across state lines and across control regions. 115 kV and above Federally regulated. Lower voltage can serve electric customers and/or wholesale power market. 500 kV distribution line

6. DISTRIBUTION LINE CHARACTERISTICS Voltages are < 100kV, typically at or below 34.5 kV. Primarily bring electricity to customers. Traditionally, power flows into the line but not out. State regulated system. 12.5 kV distribution line

7. ELECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS

8. Transmission Planning Zones

9. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION Generation sited at or near load, “behind the meter.” Typically connected to the distribution system. Differing ownership structures possible. State definition is 10 MW and under.

10. DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES Includes distributed generation and “demand side” strategies such as conservation, efficiency, and load management.

11. DISPERSED GENERATION “Stand alone” generators not at existing retail customer sites. 100 % of output injected into the grid. No size limits, current DOC study looking at 10-40 MW sizes. Can be connected to either distribution or transmission lines.

12. Interconnection and Delivery Issues Midwest ISO territory map

13. WEST CENTRAL CBED STUDY 1400 MW modeled without adding additional power lines 57 locations with generation Study performed by CapX 2020 Utilities

14. WHAT THE C-BED STUDY LOOKED AT Analyzed thermal line loading and voltage levels for 800 MW and 1400 MW of Dispersed Generation at 21 locations. Generation used to reduce Minnesota natural gas power plant output. Analyzed transmission system constraints and established costs for fixing thermal and voltage problems.

15. STUDY RESULTS 800 MW of Dispersed Generation $49 M in transmission fixes. 1400 MW of Dispersed Generation $ 97 Million in transmission fixes. No major new power lines were needed.

16. HOW MUCH DISPERSED GENERATION CAN WE DO? 400 MW *1400 MW **1600 MW **1040 MW **950 MW

17. STATEWIDE DISPERSED GENERATION POTENTIAL **Theoretical generation potential based on preliminary study results

18. USING THE MAPS & TABLES

20. LIKELY SPOT?

21. TABLE FOR FINDING THEORETICAL GENERATION AT SUBSTATION

22. Northeast CBED STUDY Maps and tables available at: www.c-bed.org/transmission.html

23. Distributed Wind Generation Study for Northeastern Colorado Performed by: Wind Utility Consulting for the Colorado Governor’s Office of Energy Management and Conservation and the Department of Energy’s Wind Powering America program Year: 2005 Location: Highline Electric Association distribution grid NE Colorado Results showed that 63 GE 1.5 MW wind turbines or 94.5 MW of wind could be incorporated into the distribution system Shows Red Willow Substation with 4 turbines at a maximum distance of 5.5 miles from the substation.

24. DISPERSED GENERATION, A NEW PARADIGM FOR RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT? Iowa Lakes Community College Estherville, Iowa 1650 kW University of Minnesota, Morris Morris, Minnesota 1650 kW Moorhead Public Service Moorhead, Minnesota 1500 kW

25. Matrix Energy Solutions and Windustry ENABLING COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINABLE ENERGY CONTACT: Brian Antonich 612-870-3461 info@windustry.org CONTACT: Mike Michaud 651-380-3522 MMICHAUD@HBCI.COM