1. 1 Outline 13.1 Use Of Optical Materials. 13.2 Light And Vision. 13.3 Interaction Of Light With Electrons In Solids. 13.3.1 Absorption of Light. 13.3.2 Color 13.3.3 Refraction. 13.3.4 Reflection of Light. 13.3.5 Total Internal Reflection. 13.3.6 Polarization.

2. 2 13.3.2 Color Silica glasses are colored by incorporating transition metal ions during melting in amounts ranging form o.1%~to~5%. The ions substitute for matrix atoms and create new levels in the band gap of the glass. Specific wavelengths are now preferentially absorbed at these impurity levels, giving rise to optical transitions at specific photon energies. In the production of color, we distinguish between pigments which are not soluble in the support and dyes which are soluble pigments are ceramics (minerals) containing impurities.

3. 3 Outline 13.1 Use Of Optical Materials. 13.2 Light And Vision. 13.3 Interaction Of Light With Electrons In Solids. 13.3.1 Absorption of Light. 13.3.2 Color 13.3.3 Refraction. 13.3.4 Reflection of Light. 13.3.5 Total Internal Reflection. 13.3.6 Polarization.