1. IMPACT ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT UNDER IRRIGATED ECO-SYSTEMS IN CULTIVATION OF TROPICAL CROPS IN TAMILNADU OF SOUTHERN INDIA Govindarajan, K. Associate Professor (Agricultural Economics) Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC

2. Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC ABOUT STUDY AREA

3. ABOUT TAMILNADU Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC Latitude North 8° 5' and 13° 5‘ LongitudeEast 76° 15' and 80° 20' Population62.4 million Geographical area13.02 million ha

4. ABOUT TAMILNADU Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC Cropped Area 5.81 million ha Area under food grains 3.16 million ha Area under sugar crops 0.39 million ha Total Rainfall1165 mm Monsoon Seasons South West Monsoon 341 mm North East Monsoon515 mm

5. IMPORTANCE OF STUDY CROPS Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC ParticularsArea of crops in m.ha. Production in m.tonnes Productivity in qtls Paddy19.3166.1151.86 Maize0.200.7638.38 Sugarcane0.394.52115 All Crops58.43

6. Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC  Paddy and Maize occupy nearly 36 per cent of the cropped area  Sugarcane occupies around 7 percent  Weeds alone causes around 30 per cent reduction in yield levels  Hence efficient management of weeds become primary objective for the farmers  Farmers follow traditional methods and modern methods  Modern methods include integrated weed management  Hence the present study

7. Integrated Weed Management  Cultural  Manual  Mechanical  Chemical Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC

8. OBJECTIVES  To observe the benefits of Herbicide application  To assess any conservation of resource use  To analyze the difference in productivity levels of the crop between the herbicide applied farms and non- herbicide farms Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC

9. METHODOLOGY Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC

10. DETAILS OF METHODOLOGY Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC  Structured questionnaire  Operation wise labour utilization  Inputs applied  Details on cost of cultivation  Yield realized  Income realized  Profit earned

11. CROPS COVERED * Paddy * Maize * Sugarcane Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC SAMPLES * 120 YEAR * 2008-09 * Criteria: Herbicide Applied farms and Non-Herbicide Farms

12. Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  Data analyzed for  Operation wise labour use  Cost of cultivation of crops

13. RESULTS-PADDY Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC Operation Herbicide Applied Farms Non Herbicide Farms Preparatory Cultivation 11.158.81 Manuring 3.024.14 Sowing & Planting 21.9821.57 Weeding 21.1823.94 Irrigation 17.2914.58 Plant Protection 1.911.03 Harvesting 23.4725.94 Total labour hours 100.00 (913.97) 100.00 (989.27) Operation wise Labour Use in percentage

14. RESULTS-PADDY Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC Operation Herbicide Applied Farms Non Herbicide Farms Cost of Labour 35.5545.53 Cost of inputs except herbicide 33.2831.76 Cost of Herbicide 6.660.00 Animal & Machine Hire 24.5122.71 Total Cost 100.00 (25440.60) 100.00 (24480.40) Yield per ha in qtls 53.8044.92 Income Realized in Rs. 3582631193 Profit Realized in Rs. 103866712 Cost of Cultivation per ha. in percentage

15. RESULTS-MAIZE Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC

16. RESULTS-MAIZE Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC Cost of Cultivation per ha. in Rs/ha.

17. RESULTS-MAIZE Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC Operation Herbicide Applied Farms Non Herbicide Farms Yield per ha in qtls 43.7340.15 Income Realized in Rs. 3078025027 Profit Realized in Rs. 130318705 Yield and Income per ha.

18. RESULTS-SUGARCANE Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC Operation wise Labour Use

19. RESULTS-SUGARCANE Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC Cost of Cultivation per ha in Rs / ha Operation Herbicide Applied Farms Non Herbicide Farms Cost of Labour 59.1960.13 Cost of inputs except herbicide 33.1433.87 Cost of Herbicide 2.490.00 Animal & Machine Hire 5.185.50 Total Cost 100.00 (64727) 100.00 (62327) Yield per ha in qtls 1131.041030.90 Income Realized in Rs. 119240110179 Profit Realized in Rs. 5451447852

20. SUMMARY Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC Labour Savings Productivity increase Capital formation ParticularsPaddyMaizeSugarcane Labour saving (hrs)43.3232.8980.26 Output increase (qtls)8.883.58100.14 Increase in Profit (Rs.)3673.604326.126661.03

21. CONCLUSION Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC Herbicide usage is an effective option in controlling the weeds if it is environmentally suitable

22. Dept. of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore. DWSRC