1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Computer Graphics: As objects: images generated and/or displayed by computers. As a subject: the science of studying how to generate and display images using computers. Why: a picture is worth a thousand words Classifications: Dimensions: 2 or 3 Types: vector, raster

2. Vector Graphics: deals with points, lines and shapes. p2(x2,y2) p1(x1,y1)

3. Raster Graphics: deals with raster images. A raster image is a 2D grid of colored dots. Each dot is called a pixel (picture element). Each horizontal line of pixels is called a scan line.

4. Display Hardware: CRT Display: 1950, MIT, for the Whirlwind computer(a vector display device). Rater display devices. All modern computers use rater display devices. The most important component of a rater display device is its Frame Buffer. Frame Buffer: is a two dimensional array of memory cells with each of the cell stores the color of the corresponding pixel. Visual Realism: to make computer generated images look as real as possible.

5. Techniques for generating realistic perceptions: Depth: hidden surface removal, foreshortening, and depth cueing. Direction: lighting, shading (constant, Gourand, Phong).

6. Material: shininess, translucency, reflection, shadow, (ray tracing), texture Ray-tracing: simulate how rays of light reflect from the surfaces of objects.

7. More than just images  Animation: motion and change  Interaction: input devices  Stereo: two images: left and right polarized glass, LCD glass, R-B glass, hologram, out-of-focus,  Virtual Reality: interactive animated stereo graphics.  Beyond Visual Realism: argumented VR

8. New Trends:  Internet: HTML, GUI, Java 2D and 3D, SVG, VRML (virtual reality markup language), X3D, WebGL.  3D Printing: plastics, metals, biomaterials Applications from CAD and flight simulation to data and information visualization; From Big to Small from 3D movie screens to smart phones: Windows: GDI, WinG, OpenGL, OpenGL ES, webGL (OpenGL 2.0 + HTML5)

9. Research: more realism (radiosity, physically based rendering, web based,...); more speed (parallel rendering, GPU, 3D display device,...); more data types (geometrical, attributed, scattered,...)

10. Course to be taught in three segments: 1. Experience graphics using high-level programming tools: POV-Ray, Unit3D, UTK, … Start with ray tracing. 2. Understand the principles of computer graphics: under the hood theory. 3. OpenGL: inside out. How to use it and how to implement it.