1. Reproduction & Development Review 1

2. 1. What does this diagram represent? 2. Identify structures A and B. 3. During what phase of mitosis do chromosomes replicate? A B chromosome A - Chromatids B - Centromere Interphase

3. 4. Identify the phase of mitosis being described: a. Cytokinesis occur telophase b. Chromosomes line up the middle metaphase c. Chromosomes replicate interphase d. Chromosomes get pulled apart anaphase e. Nuclear membrane break down prophase

4. A BC D EF 5. What process is represented in the diagram above? Mitosis 6. Describe the 2 daughter cells in stage F. They have the same # of chromosomes as the parent cell. They are genetically identical to the parent cell.

5. 7. For each of the following pictures, identify the phase of mitosis and what is occurring. The pictures are out of order. Anaphase The chromosomes are pulling apart and moving to opposite poles. A.

6. Prophase The nuclear membrane is disappearing. Spindle fibers start to form. Spindle fibers Centrioles B.

7. Metaphase Chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell, C.

8. Telophase Nuclear membrane has started to form around each set of chromosomes Cytokinesis has begun (the cell membrane is pinching in). D.

9. 8. Which type of cell division does this diagram represent? Explain your answer. Mitosis, 2 new cells made 9. If organism A contains 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would the offspring contain? 8

10. 10. a. What process is represented? b. What type of cells are represented above? c. If the first cell is made up of 32 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are found in the daughter cells? d. How is this different from animal cell mitosis? e. Label the phases of mitosis above. CB A D E F Mitosis Plant cells 32 Interphase ProphaseMetaphase Anaphase Telophase In plant cell mitosis, cytokinesis occurs as a result of the cell plate forming between the 2 daughter cells. In animal cell mitosis, cytokinesis occurs as a result of the cell membrane pinching in between the 2 daughter cells.

11. 11. What phase is it? Anaphase Telophase Anaphase Metaphase Interphase prophase telophase metaphase

12. 12. As a result of mitotic cell division, a cell having 74 chromosomes gives rise to two cells each of which has a chromosome number of _______ chromosomes. 74

13. 13. a. What is the name of the process represented in the diagram? b. What type of cell division is involved? c. Identify some organisms that use this process. d. What type is reproduction is represented? e. Describe the offspring of this process. Binary fission mitosis ameba, paramecia, bacteria asexual Offspring genetically identical to parent cell.

14. 14. a. What does structure B represent? b. What process does A represent? A centrioles cytokinesis

15. 15. a. What is the name of the process represented in the diagram? b. What type of cell division is involved? c. Identify some organisms that use this process. d. What type is reproduction is represented? e. Describe the offspring of this process. Budding mitosis Yeast, hydra asexual Offspring genetically identical to parent cell.

16. 16. Identify the type of cell division that is used during asexual reproduction. Mitosis 17. What is the difference between budding and binary fission? Budding is an unequal division of cytoplasm while binary fission is an equal division of cytoplasm. 18. Potatoes are known as ____. tubers 19. Mushroom reproduce by releasing ___. spores 20. This type of reproduction requires 1 parent. asexual 21. Describe 1 example of regeneration. Starfish can regrow lost arms. Lizards can regrow a lost tail.

17. 22. The type of asexual reproduction in which involves the production of single cells by mitosis that are released into the environment is called 1.regeneration 2.binary fission 3.sporulation 4.vegetative propagation

18. 23. The type of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides into to two cells that are of equal size is called 1.regeneration 2.binary fission 3.sporulation 4.vegetative propagation

19. 24. Asexual reproduction in plants is known as 1.regeneration 2.vegetative propagation 3.binary fission 4.sporulation

20. 25. Identify each type of asexual reproduction below. Regeneration Budding Binary fission Vegetative propagation Sporulation Vegetative propagation

21. 26. Identify the type of asexual reproduction described. a. An organism grows back a lost body part. b. Unequal division of cytoplasm. c. Specialized cells are released and eventually develop into a new organisms that are identical to the parent. d. Asexual reproduction in plants. e. Equal division of cytoplasm. Budding regeneration sporulation Vegetative propagation Binary fission

22. 27. What are the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction? Asexual repro uses one parent while sexual repro uses 2 parents. Asexual repro produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Sexual repro produces offspring that are similar but NOT genetically identical to the parents (genetic variation). Sexual repro involves the joining of gametes while asexual repro does not require gametes. Asexual repro uses mitosis while sexual repro uses meiosis.

23. 28. What process is represented in the diagram? 29. How many chromosomes are found in these human gametes? meiosis 23

24. A B 30. What is the difference between process A and process B? A is mitosis and B is meiosis.

25. MITOSIS Asexual reproduction For producing body cells, growth, repair New cells – same # of chrom 1  2 cells (1 division) IPMAT MEIOSIS Sexual reproduction For producing sex cells New cells – ½ chrom 1  2  4 cells (2 divisions) I (IPMAT), II (PMAT) 31. What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

26. Fertilization Zygote Cleavage Blastula Gastrula 32. Label each stage of embryonic development.

27. 33. Cells such as nerve cells and muscle cells are known as (1)gametes (2)sex cells (3)somatic cells (4)specialized cells

28. 34. Which statement is true about sexual reproduction? (1)It produces offspring with half the number of chromosomes as the parent. (2)It involves sex cells joining together. (3)It produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents.

29. A B C D E 35. a. What does this process represent? b. What process do B and C represent? c. What does structure E represent? Development of an embryo cleavage blastula

30. 36. The result of meiosis are daughter cells that have (1) half the number of chromosomes (2) a quarter of the number of chromosomes (3) double the number of chromosomes (4) the same number of chromosomes

31. 37. a. What is structure A? How was it produced? 45. Which structures represent cleavage? 46. What is structure E? 47. What is structure F? 48. What process occurs after structure F is formed? zygotefertilization B, C, D blastula gastrula differentiation