1. Planar-GEM Trackers Bernd Voss Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI)

2. B. Voss et. al. 2 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Outline Basic assumptions Task & Set up Internal structure Basic design & Detector assembly Simulations Particle flux & Tracks PadPlane Design & Consequences Front End Electronic The XYTER Family Higher Level Readout SysCore / Exploder First Results Noise figures The Future FAIR-XYTER

3. B. Voss et. al. 3 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Figure of Merit: Momentum resolution dp/p (p,θ,z,r) particle momentum p scattering angle θ vertex coordinates z, r Basic assumptions: 3..4 GEM-Tracker stations GEM-TPC short version? (1,5 m 1,2 m) Maximize shape-conformity Full angular (phi) coverage not possible Radiation hardness 100krad Planar GEM-Trackers Basic assumptions Target spectrometer@PANDA V833

4. B. Voss et. al. 4 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Planar GEM-Trackers Acceptance Longitudinal positions: 810,1170,1530,1890 mm Diameters: Ø900,900,1120,1480 mm Inner bore: Ø50..100 mm Active area: 0,6..1,7 m 2 Angular range: ~ 5..18° (2..26)° Material budget (active area) : ~ 0.5% X 0 (per GEM station) Position resolution: < 0.1 mm Double track resolution: 10 mm, 5° Target spectrometer@PANDA V833 Still discussing where to but the detectors Preliminary: Low B-field region, low curvature tracks

5. B. Voss et. al. 5 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Planar GEM-Trackers Detector assembly Window Drift electrode GEM stack Pad Plane Support & Media- Distribution Cooling Support & LV- Distribution Front-End Electronic Shielding Cover & Read-out Plane Possible cabling hooks: central bar & circumference

6. B. Voss et. al. 6 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Hit Rate Simulation assumptions Assumptions: ! 4 GEM stations ! 4 projections per station (4 coordinates, 2 tracklets per detector) Ar/CO 2 t coll =nx10ns Standard physics run 2·10 7 annihilations / s

7. B. Voss et. al. 7 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 GEM-Trackers Simulation results@15GeV/c Ralf Kliemt (TU-Dresden) Radoslaw Karabowicz (GSI) Mean 1,5 mm Structure size Inner | Outer area… Beam pipe… Mean 0,15 °

8. B. Voss et. al. 8 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 PadPlane Basic design concepts Simulation results: HIT-rate 5..50(140)k particles/cm 2 /s (r) Track lengths: radial 0,5..8 mm (mean 1,3..1,6 mm) angular 0..0,8° (mean 0,15°) Cluster sizes <1mm (single-cluster HIT to be avoided) Purely resolution driven Patterning structure under investigation 1. Strips 1. Circular/polar + Radial 2. Cartesian 2. Pixels – regular polygon shapes 3. Hybrid readout structures

9. B. Voss et. al. 9 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 PadPlane Pattern concentric Assumed in simulations: 1571,1571,1571 Required for constant resolution: 5888, 9600,13440 Problems with Patching (GEM4) Patching process Signal routing Dead areas Increased material budget Support Additional routing layers

10. B. Voss et. al. 10 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 PadPlane Pattern radial Assumed in simulations: 1571,1571,1571 Required for constant resolution: 5888, 9600,13440 Problems Patching (GEM4) Cut channels (iso-centric) non-uniformity iso-centric acentric

11. B. Voss et. al. 11 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 PadPlane Pattern 60° tilted Assumed in simulations: 2096,2096,2096 Required for constant resolution: 5888, 9600,13440 Problems Patching (GEM4) Cut channels Unequal length non-uniformity

12. B. Voss et. al. 12 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 PadPlane Pattern cartesian Advantage: contacts at perimeter Disadvantage: varying capacities, length Problems with Patching (GEM4)

13. B. Voss et. al. 13 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 PadPlanes (3..4 GEM-Ts) FEE system Division bar not sufficient nor feasible Circumferential arrangement FEE-Ring width 50 mm 7..11% of total detector area (n-)XYTER-based FEB cards 180..900 cards (2 ASICs à 128 channels each, 100x65mm 2 ) overall operating power 21 mW/channel 2,7 W/chip ! 1..5 kW power/cooling requirements, Axial cooling structure, 30% of weight Front-End Electronic General ideas Structure sizeResolution evolutionChannel no. 0,3..0.5 mm decreasing20..26kch constant96..116kch 1 mmconstant80..95Kch

14. B. Voss et. al. 14 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 GEM-Trackers… in numbers (2) FeatureTotal(GEM1)GEM2GEM3GEM4 Position from target(mm)810117015301890 Outer (active) radius(mm)450560740 No. of GEM foils4 x (2x3)Single foilPatched or large-area GEM sectors24123846001044 pad planes41, double sided projections164 Readout geometry4 options Cartesian (x,y), Concentric circles Radial strips, Tilted strips (+60°, -60°), Structure pitch (resolution driven) Radial Concentric 100..600 400 50 mm < r < 150 mm 150 mm < r < 450 mm Max. channel no. option (10000 mm 2 cabling cross-section) 195003185044600 Weightkg203040

15. B. Voss et. al. 15 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Front-End Electronics(n-)XYTER charge preamp FAST shaper 30ns peaking SLOW shaper (2 stages) 150ns peaking time Peak detector & hold, free running comparator Time Walk Compensation circuit PDH res. pulse height output trigger timestamp charge input AMS CMOS 0.35 m technology 128 channels / chip Charge-sensitive preamp Fast & Slow Shaper Peak detector Time-stamping with 1 ns resolution Data driven, autonomous hit detection Token ring readout @ 32 MHz de-randomizing, sparcifying expected noise: 370 e- @ 10 pF

16. B. Voss et. al. 16 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Front-End Electronics(n-)XYTER AMS CMOS 0.35 m technology 128 channels / chip Charge-sensitive preamp Fast (30ns)& Slow (150ns) Shaper Peak detector Time-stamping with 1 ns resolution Data driven, autonomous hit detection Token ring readout @ 32 MHz de-randomizing, sparcifying expected noise: 370 e-@10pF, 550e-@20pF

17. B. Voss et. al. 17 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Front-End ElectronicsXYTER testing board Simple hybrid PCB with signal fan-in ADC interconnect to DAQ chain (SysCore,Exploder) CBM beam time September 2008: whole signal chain operative Chip-In-Board avoids space eating vias allows pitch adaptation: 50,7 μm on chip 101,4 μm on PCB (two levels) 10 Rev. C boards, fully functional

18. B. Voss et. al. 18 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Front-End Electronics XYTER TPC Prototype board 42 4-layer PCBs for PANDA TPC prototype 2 XYTER chips / card chip-in board glued to aluminium backing step-down & staggered bonding 2 x 128 channels / card 300 pins / connector ~350 Watt power dissipation passive heat pipe system cooling liquid HFE-7100 (3M) PCB lab-tested awaiting in-beam test (@CB-ELSA) Higher integration level (1:1): SysCore Boards (KIP Heidelberg) Exploder+… (GSI-EE, MBS) Others …? 2 XYTERs ADC Power regulators Gold plated edges

19. B. Voss et. al. 19 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Backend Connectivity 2-chip FEB: connecting to one SysCore via one cable 20 leads/chip: 8 LVDS pairs/chip - data 2 LVDS pairs/chip - digitized pulse height 9 leads/FEB: 1 LVDS pair - clock 1 LVDS pair - time stamp clock reset 2 lines - I2C slow control 2 lines - reset 1 line - test pulse trigger GND + 3,3V power (~1A/chip)

20. B. Voss et. al. 20 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 System Integration Issue Global Timing SysCore generates 48 to 64 bit data elements: n-XYTER provides 14 bit time stamp @ 1ns resolution 7 bit channel number FEB provides 10 bit peak height SysCore adds chip number epoch counter some diagnostic SysCore provides data FIFO The serialized event number with successive time stamp could be fed into auxiliary inputs. This event header would be added to the data elements Such synch scheme should be fine up to about 50 kHz event rate Relate local time stamps to global events: Feed a global epoch marker or event strobe into SysCore

21. B. Voss et. al. 21 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Test SetupComplex Multi-layer Data Chain Detector n-XYTER-FEB n-XYTER FEB and Bonding Technology Documentation (Manual) ADC Interconnect SysCore / Exploder Firmware Embedded software Soft configuration Ethernet-Interconnect PC and DAQ KNUT GUI DAQ System Ongoing: Realize software design freeze to be packaged Still missing: Diagnostic toolbox for system analysis to make successful deployment in other labs feasible

22. B. Voss et. al. 22 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Experimental data Energy-Output (preliminary) Si Detector 300μm strip-pitch DC coupled 40V Pulse-height spectra on one strip as is, on the table Enhanced low-energy part: -electrons & other scattering Sr 90 Energy [ADC digits] Am 241 60keV ~2/3 MIP Photo escape? Pedestal ?

23. B. Voss et. al. 23 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Experimental data Energy-Output (preliminary) Pulse-height spectra with internal test pulse C det not determined (5-10 pF) Peak-to-peak distance ~5560e- FWHM ~1000e-, σ ~425e- (370e-expected) 2780e - (CAL = 10) Analog read out chain operative Temperature coefficient spoils the effort Sr 90 Energy [ADC digits] Am 241 60keV ~2/3 MIP Pedestal ? Photo escape?

24. B. Voss et. al. 24 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 n-XYTER Engineering Run Preparations by Hans Kristian Soltveit (Physikalisches Institut Heidelberg) Several thousand chips@110k Issues addressed: Temperature coefficients on three amplifiers Pad arrangement, input-ESD-pads, LVDS in/out arrangements Shielding (in particular mono stable cross-talk) Choice of process Epoch marker output Time line (03/2009): Current: Extensive corner analysis on new schematics Until end of April: finalize schematics & Review on modifications May & June: Layout modifications End of June: Submission readiness review and successively submission to AMS

25. B. Voss et. al. 25 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 The Future: FAIR-XYTER …for gaseous detectors GEM-TrackerGEM-TPCOthers Channels/chip 32-128 64-128 Power limit/channel10mW Noise limit500e@5pF500e@5pF, 900e@25pF Max. rad dose100 krad Avg. det. capacity7 pF 7..150 pF Max. det. capacity2...150 pF7 pF Rate/channel4..11/200kHz250 kHz Ampl.94 ke25 keabove 25 ke Signal distributionLandau Measured featureSpatial resolution+ Hit-time Signal shape30..40ns Max. possible signal200ke = average*2750ke=average*301000ke, 3000ke, Dual range ADC res./ampl.7 bit, 5 ke8-9 bit linear, 4 ke Time resolution10ns/hit4ns/hit4ns Special tasksSpark protection+ baseline restoration+forced neighbor readout

26. B. Voss et. al. 26 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Detector Control & Monitoring Structure Current concept: Modular, expandable, flexible Same structure for all GEM-Detectors Hierarchical interlocking Failsafe operation Hard- & software limits Integration into PANDA-DCS database started Identified 45 parameters so far

27. GEM-Projects: TPC 1 & Tracker 2 GSI crew-members & tasks Jörg Hehner 1 Aging tests Andreas Heinz 1 PadPlane, GEMs, sensors, WebInfo Markus Henske 1 Material tests, sensors, infrastructure, purchase Radoslaw Karabowicz 2 Root-Simulations Volker Kleipa 1 Front-End Electronics (XYTER) Jochen Kunkel 1,2 Mechanics, drawings, simulations, assembly Rafal Lalik 1 Front-End Electronics (XYTER) Christian Schmidt 1 Front-End Electronics (XYTER) Sandra Schwab 1 Part production, tooling, FOPI environment Daniel Soyk 1 FEM-Simulations Eduard Traut 1 GEM generals Ufuk Tuey 1 General mechanics, drawings Bernd Voss 1,2All & nothing, ideas & concepts, project & logistics Jan Voss 1 General mechanics, material tests Joachim Weinert 1 Part production, tooling

28. Backup slides

29. B. Voss et. al. 29 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Benchmark channels Channel Final state Related to Arguments / Aims ppApA MVDCTFT (n)π + π - X ψ(3770) D + D - 2K 4π XX Secondary vertex tagging capability Special consideration of the slow π coming from the D* decays K, π tracking and momentum measurement ψ(4040) D* + D* - XX Λ pπ - pπ +- XXX Λ reconstruction, partly only with CT (~15%) tests vertexing capabilities of CT Incorporates also cascade decays outside MVD ΞΞpp 4π XXX η c ΦΦ4K X PID studies and V 0 reconstruction with CT J/ ΨX 2l X XX High p T lepton tracks in multi-track environment CT important for momentum measurement nd tracking pp XXX important for FT background studies for CT and MVD

30. B. Voss et. al. 30 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 GEM-Trackers Simulation results@15GeV/c Ralf Kliemt (TU-Dresden) Radoslaw Karabowitz (GSI) Mean 2,4 mm Structure size Inner | Outer area… Beam pipe… actual detector starts at r=(3)5cm ! Mean 0,21 °

31. B. Voss et. al. 31 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 CablingRequirements Factor 2 between Minimum and Maximum Option (perfect cables, best cooling etc.) Factor 4 for being more or less reasonable (unknown physics boundaries, performance figures, read-out electronic etc.) Required for constant resolution: 19514, 31850, 44570 channels / detector Use of the Maximum option for the design seems realistic

32. B. Voss et. al. 32 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 n-XYTER Architecture as Realized and Under Test Today

33. B. Voss et. al. 33 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Cooling MotivationSimulations Backside view Parameters: NXYTER(2) + ADC + voltage regulators on board FR4 + Alu backing, single sided mounting 10°C cooling media temperature 25°C backflow temperature Results: Chips reasonably cool

34. B. Voss et. al. 34 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 Analogue Pulses, Peaking Time, Front-End Noise FAST channelSLOW channel ENC26.9 e/pF + 200 e12.7 e/pF + 233 e peaking time a (1% to 99%) 18.5 ns139 ns Engineered for 30 pF, giving 1000 e 600 e power consumption: 12.8 mW per channel; OK for neutrons!

35. B. Voss et. al. 35 Planar-GEM Forward Trackers PAND -FE-DAQ WorkshopApril, 23rd 2009 ContextFP7 JRA JointGEM Projects Name… prototype detector systems of ……as planned for… P-1 TPC-GEM … a high-rate Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with GEM readout Inner tracker of PANDA@FAIR P-2 Cylindrical-GEM … a multilayer self-supporting cylindrical GEM (C-GEM) structure AMADEUS & KLOE2 P-3 Large-Area Planar-GEM … large-area planar GEM detectors capable of withstanding very high beam rates Forward tracking system of PANDA@FAIR and for the muon system of CBM@FAIR